(1 point). Listen.
A patient has atherosclerosis.
Which factor associated with endothelial injury will the nurse observe written in the history?

Choice A rationale:

A systolic pressure between 130-139 mmHg and diastolic pressure between 80-89 mmHg is not considered normal. It falls within the range of prehypertension according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7), which classifies normal blood pressure as systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg. The rationale for this choice is that the range provided does not align with the current standards for normal blood pressure.

Choice B rationale:

The correct answer is choice B because a systolic pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg are indicative of hypertension, as per the JNC 7 guidelines. Normal blood pressure is defined as systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and requires medical attention and lifestyle modifications to manage. The rationale for this choice is that it correctly identifies the threshold for hypertension, which is crucial for patient assessment and care.

Choice C rationale:

A systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg is indeed considered normal, according to JNC 7 guidelines. However, this choice does not provide an accurate representation of the guidelines as it lacks a systolic pressure range between 120 and 129 mmHg. This gap in the guidelines would lead to confusion when categorizing blood pressure, and the answer is therefore not correct.

Choice D rationale:

A systolic pressure between 120-129 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg is categorized as elevated blood pressure, not normal. The JNC 7 guidelines clearly specify that normal blood pressure falls below 120 mmHg systolic and below 80 mmHg diastolic. This range is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and should not be considered normal. The rationale for this choice is that it provides an inaccurate representation of normal blood pressure as per the guidelines.

Choice A rationale:

Lithium is not typically prescribed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It's more commonly used for bipolar disorder.

Choice B rationale:

Valproate is not a first-line treatment for ADHD in school-age children. It is used for mood stabilization in conditions like bipolar disorder.

Choice C rationale:

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic and is not a first-line treatment for ADHD. It may be used in some cases where there are comorbid behavioral issues, but it's not the initial choice.

Choice D rationale:

Methylphenidate is a commonly prescribed medication for ADHD in school-age children. It is a central nervous system stimulant that helps improve attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in those with ADHD.