(1 point). Listen.
A patient has left-sided (congestive) heart failure.
Which assessment findings will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed?

Syncope.

Weak pulses and decreased skin temperature.

Oliguria.

Dyspnea and cough.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Choice A is not the answer. Syncope refers to fainting or losing consciousness, and it is not typically an assessment finding associated with pulmonary edema. The symptoms of pulmonary edema are more related to respiratory distress and fluid overload rather than loss of consciousness. Therefore, this statement is not relevant to the development of pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure.

Choice B rationale:

Choice B is not the answer. Weak pulses and decreased skin temperature are not specific assessment findings for pulmonary edema. In pulmonary edema, patients often exhibit symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, crackles in the lungs, and pink frothy sputum. These symptoms are related to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, rather than changes in peripheral pulses or skin temperature.

Choice C rationale:

Choice C is not the answer. Oliguria refers to reduced urine output, and while it can be related to kidney dysfunction in some cases, it is not a direct assessment finding of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema primarily presents with respiratory symptoms, such as severe dyspnea, cough, and audible crackles in the lungs, due to fluid accumulation.

Choice D rationale:

The correct answer is choice D. Dyspnea and cough are key assessment findings that indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed in a patient with left-sided (congestive) heart failure. Pulmonary edema is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, leading to severe difficulty in breathing (dyspnea) and a productive cough with frothy, pink-tinged sputum. These respiratory symptoms are typical of pulmonary edema and should alert the nurse to its presence. .

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves the buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerotic plaques) in the inner lining of arteries. The process is initiated by the oxidation of LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol in the vessel wall. LDL cholesterol can become oxidized and trigger an inflammatory response in the endothelium, leading to the recruitment of immune cells and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.

Choice B rationale:

The formation of a fatty streak in the tunica media is not the initial event that initiates atherosclerosis. Fatty streaks are a hallmark of early atherosclerosis but are a consequence of the inflammatory process triggered by the oxidation of LDL cholesterol.

Choice C rationale:

Thrombosis in the vessel lumen can be a complication of atherosclerosis but is not the primary event that initiates the atherosclerotic process.

Choice D rationale:

Endothelial injury and the release of cytokines are part of the inflammatory response that follows the initiation of atherosclerosis. However, the primary event that triggers atherosclerosis is the oxidation of LDL cholesterol in the vessel wall.

A. Leptin. B. Adiponectin. C. Homocysteine. D. C-reactive protein.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue, and it plays a key role in regulating appetite and body weight. In obesity, there is an excessive amount of adipose tissue, leading to an increase in leptin levels. However, despite the higher levels of leptin, obese individuals may become resistant to its effects, leading to a decrease in the body's ability to respond to leptin signals. This condition is known as leptin resistance. Therefore, it is important to understand that obesity can cause a decrease in the effectiveness of leptin, which is critical for appetite regulation and body weight control.

Choice B rationale:

Adiponectin is another hormone produced by adipose tissue, but it has the opposite effect of leptin. Adiponectin levels are typically lower in obese individuals. While it is associated with various metabolic benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity, it doesn't directly decrease due to obesity.

Choice C rationale:

Homocysteine is not directly related to obesity. Homocysteine is an amino acid that is involved in various metabolic processes, and elevated levels are more commonly associated with cardiovascular disease and other health conditions, but not obesity.

Choice D rationale:

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation in the body. While obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, it doesn't directly cause a decrease in CRP levels. In fact, obesity is more likely to lead to increased CRP levels, indicating higher levels of inflammation in the body.

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(1 point). Listen.A patient has left-sided (congestive) heart failure.Which assessment findings will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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(1 point). Listen.
A patient has left-sided (congestive) heart failure.
Which assessment findings will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed?