(1 point). Listen.
A patient has left-sided (congestive) heart failure.
Which assessment findings will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed?

Syncope.

Weak pulses and decreased skin temperature.

Oliguria.

Dyspnea and cough.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Choice A is not the answer. Syncope refers to fainting or losing consciousness, and it is not typically an assessment finding associated with pulmonary edema. The symptoms of pulmonary edema are more related to respiratory distress and fluid overload rather than loss of consciousness. Therefore, this statement is not relevant to the development of pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure.

Choice B rationale:

Choice B is not the answer. Weak pulses and decreased skin temperature are not specific assessment findings for pulmonary edema. In pulmonary edema, patients often exhibit symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, crackles in the lungs, and pink frothy sputum. These symptoms are related to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, rather than changes in peripheral pulses or skin temperature.

Choice C rationale:

Choice C is not the answer. Oliguria refers to reduced urine output, and while it can be related to kidney dysfunction in some cases, it is not a direct assessment finding of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema primarily presents with respiratory symptoms, such as severe dyspnea, cough, and audible crackles in the lungs, due to fluid accumulation.

Choice D rationale:

The correct answer is choice D. Dyspnea and cough are key assessment findings that indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed in a patient with left-sided (congestive) heart failure. Pulmonary edema is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, leading to severe difficulty in breathing (dyspnea) and a productive cough with frothy, pink-tinged sputum. These respiratory symptoms are typical of pulmonary edema and should alert the nurse to its presence. .

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

High LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels are a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Elevated LDL cholesterol can lead to the deposition of cholesterol in the arterial walls, promoting the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Typically, an LDL level above 130 mg/dL is considered high.

Choice B rationale:

Low LDL levels are generally considered beneficial and are not associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. Lower LDL levels can be achieved through lifestyle modifications or medication and are often recommended for cardiovascular health.

Choice C rationale:

High HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels are associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the arteries. High HDL levels are typically desirable for cardiovascular health.

Choice D rationale:

Low triglyceride levels are not a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis. Elevated triglyceride levels can be associated with metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors, but they are not as directly linked to atherosclerosis as high LDL levels.

A. Non-STEMI type heart attack. B. STEMI type heart attack. C. QRS type heart attack. D. Non-QRS type heart attack.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Non-STEMI (Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) is a type of heart attack where there is no significant ST segment elevation on the ECG. While it can be serious, it is generally associated with a lower risk of severe complications compared to STEMI.

Choice B rationale:

STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) is a type of heart attack with significant ST segment elevation on the ECG. It is associated with a higher risk of severe complications and requires more urgent intervention. Patients with STEMI should be monitored most closely for complications.

Choice C rationale:

"QRS type heart attack" is not a recognized medical term. It does not accurately describe a type of heart attack. This choice is not appropriate.

Choice D rationale:

"Non-QRS type heart attack" is not a recognized term in the context of heart attacks. It does not accurately describe a specific type of heart attack. This choice is not suitable.

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(1 point). Listen.
A patient has left-sided (congestive) heart failure.
Which assessment findings will indicate to the nurse that pulmonary edema has developed?