A 15-year-old patient is to receive antihemophilic factor (Factor VIll) replacement therapy. He asks the nurse, "Why does this always happen to me? How come my sisters don't have hemophilia?”. The nurse's response should be based on the understanding that hemophilia is characteristic of which type of hereditary disorder?
X-linked dominant.
Autosomal recessive.
Autosomal dominant.
X-linked recessive.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
X-linked dominant disorders are characterized by a mutation on the X chromosome that results in the expression of the trait in both males and females. Hemophilia, however, is more commonly associated with males, which is not consistent with an X-linked dominant pattern.
Choice B rationale:
Autosomal recessive disorders require the inheritance of two mutated alleles, one from each parent, to express the trait. Hemophilia does not follow this pattern, as the patient's sisters do not have the condition despite having affected parents.
Choice C rationale:
Autosomal dominant disorders only require the inheritance of one mutated allele from an affected parent to express the trait. Hemophilia does not align with an autosomal dominant pattern, as the patient's sisters would likely be affected if it were.
Choice D rationale:
Hemophilia is a classic example of an X-linked recessive disorder. The gene responsible for producing clotting factor is located on the X chromosome, and males have only one X chromosome, making them more susceptible to the disorder. Females, with two X chromosomes, usually act as carriers unless both X chromosomes carry the mutation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Fever and hypertension are not typical findings in moderate dehydration. Dehydration often leads to hypotension rather than hypertension, and fever is not a direct consequence of dehydration.
Choice B rationale:
Increased specific gravity can be a sign of dehydration, but it is not as specific or sensitive as tachypnea (rapid breathing) and tachycardia (elevated heart rate), which occur due to the body's compensatory mechanisms in response to dehydration.
Choice C rationale:
Tachypnea and tachycardia are key indicators of moderate dehydration in infants. The body tries to maintain perfusion by increasing the heart rate and respiratory rate. These signs are more reliable indicators of dehydration than specific gravity or fever.
Choice D rationale:
Bulging posterior fontanel is not a typical finding in dehydration. A sunken fontanel might be more indicative of dehydration, as fluid shifts from the intracellular to the extracellular space.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Reviewing the patient's complete blood count.
Choice A rationale:
Measuring height is not a priority when administering zidovudine.
Choice B rationale:
Monitoring weight gain is important but not the first priority.
Choice C rationale:
Reviewing the complete blood count is crucial before administering zidovudine, as this medication can cause bone marrow suppression. Checking for changes in white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and platelet levels is essential to ensure the patient can tolerate the medication without severe adverse effects.
Choice D rationale:
Reviewing the patient's chemistry profile is relevant, but assessing blood counts is more critical due to zidovudine's potential impact on bone marrow function.
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