A 2-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician by his parents, who are concerned because they have noticed that one of his testicles seems to be missing from the scrotum.
Upon examination, the doctor confirms that the right testicle is not palpable in the scrotal sac.
The left testicle is present and normal.
The parents are informed about the risk factors associated with this condition.
What condition is most likely being described?
Cryptorchidism.
Inguinal hernia.
Hydrocele.
Testicular torsion.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Cryptorchidism is the medical term for the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum. The scenario describes a 2-year-old male with one non-palpable testicle, which is the hallmark of cryptorchidism. Risk factors include prematurity and low birth weight.
Choice B rationale
An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal. While it can present as a swelling in the groin area, it is distinct from a missing testicle in the scrotum. Examination would typically reveal a palpable mass that may reduce with gentle pressure.
Choice C rationale
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis, the sac surrounding the testicle. It typically presents as a painless swelling of the scrotum. The testicle is usually palpable within the fluid-filled sac.
Choice D rationale
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency involving the twisting of the spermatic cord, which cuts off blood supply to the testicle. It presents with sudden, severe scrotal pain, swelling, and often nausea and vomiting. The examination would reveal a tender, firm, and retracted testicle. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Pediculosis, an infestation of lice, is highly contagious through direct contact, especially head-to-head contact. Therefore, no precautions are insufficient to prevent the spread of lice to healthcare workers and other patients. Standard precautions are necessary.
Choice B rationale
Wearing a gown and hair cover is not typically required for routine care of a child with pediculosis. Standard precautions, including gloves to prevent direct contact with the child's hair and scalp, are generally sufficient. Gowns are usually indicated when there is a risk of contact with body fluids or secretions.
Choice C rationale
Isolating the child in a negative-pressure room is reserved for airborne infections, such as tuberculosis or measles. Pediculosis is transmitted through direct contact, not airborne droplets, so isolation in a negative-pressure room is unnecessary and inappropriate.
Choice D rationale
Wearing gloves is the appropriate nursing action when treating a hospitalized child with pediculosis. Gloves prevent direct contact with the lice and their eggs (nits) during examination and treatment of the scalp and hair, thus minimizing the risk of transmission to the healthcare worker. .
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A first-degree burn involves only the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It is characterized by redness (erythema), pain, and dryness, without the formation of blisters. The superficial damage affects the outer layer of epithelial cells, causing vasodilation and inflammation, leading to the observed redness and discomfort.
Choice B rationale
A second-degree burn involves the epidermis and a portion of the dermis, the layer beneath the epidermis. These burns are characterized by blisters, significant pain, redness, and swelling. The damage extends deeper into the skin, affecting nerve endings and blood vessels, leading to fluid leakage and blister formation.
Choice C rationale
A third-degree burn involves the destruction of the epidermis and the entire dermis, potentially extending into the subcutaneous tissue. These burns appear white or charred, are often painless initially due to nerve damage, and lack blisters. The full thickness destruction of skin layers impairs sensation and requires significant medical intervention, often including skin grafting.
Choice D rationale
Full-thickness burn is another term for a third-degree burn, indicating that all layers of the skin have been destroyed. This type of burn extends through the epidermis and dermis and may involve underlying subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone. The appearance is typically dry, leathery, and may be white, charred, or waxy.
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