A 34-year-old gravida 3, para 2 is experiencing severe back pain with each contraction. She is extremely uncomfortable and upset because she never had this type of pain with her other labors. What interventions are most likely to help in this situation?

Hypnosis, imagery, and slow chest breathing

Comfort measures, intermittent labor support by the nurse, and reassurance that the pain is temporary

Effleurage, ambulation, and frequent position changes

Counterpressure with a fist or tennis ball to the lower back

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypnosis, imagery, and slow chest breathing – Incorrect; while these techniques can help with general labor pain, they may not be effective for severe back pain due to fetal positioning.
B. Comfort measures, intermittent labor support by the nurse, and reassurance that the pain is temporary – Incorrect; while support is important, it does not directly relieve back pain.
C. Effleurage, ambulation, and frequent position changes – Incorrect; these may help, but they do not directly address back labor.
D. Counterpressure with a fist or tennis ball to the lower back – Correct; back labor is often caused by occiput posterior fetal positioning, and counterpressure helps relieve pain by applying direct pressure to the sacrum.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Massaging the client's back – Correct; gate control theory states that non-painful stimuli (e.g., massage, heat, cold) can block pain signals from reaching the brain.

B. Administering prescribed analgesic medication – Incorrect; this is pharmacologic pain relief, not part of gate control theory.

C. Turning the client onto her left side – Incorrect; this improves circulation but does not block pain signals.

D. Encouraging the client to rest between contractions – Incorrect; rest is important but does not directly affect pain perception.

A. The contractions are regular B. The cervix is fully dilated. C. The membranes have ruptured D. The provider has ruptured the membranes

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The contractions are regular – Incorrect; regular contractions occur throughout labor, not just in the second stage.

B. The cervix is fully dilated. – Correct; the second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated (10 cm), allowing for pushing and delivery.

C. The membranes have ruptured – Incorrect; rupture of membranes can occur at any stage of labor.

D. The provider has ruptured the membranes – Incorrect; artificial rupture (amniotomy) does not determine the start of the second stage.

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A 34-year-old gravida 3, para 2 is experiencing severe back pain with each contraction. She is extremely uncomfortable and upset because she never had this type of pain with her other labors. What interventions are most likely to help in this situation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is in latent labor. Which of the following nursing actions reflects the application of the gate control theory of pain?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client in labor. The nurse determines that the client is beginning in the second stage of labor when which of the following assessments is noted?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The germ layers of the embryo are: (Select all that apply.)

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