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A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer?
(Select All that Apply.)

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Moderate alcohol consumption

A diet high in red and processed meats

Low body mass index (BMI)

Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

Regular physical activity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,E,F

A.   A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is generally protective against colorectal cancer due to the high fiber content and antioxidants, reducing cancer risk.
B.   Moderate alcohol consumption can increase the risk of colorectal cancer, as alcohol has been linked to inflammation and changes in gut microbiota, which may contribute to carcinogenesis.
C.   A diet high in red and processed meats has been strongly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to the presence of carcinogenic substances like nitrates and heterocyclic amines in processed meats.

D.   A low body mass index (BMI) is actually protective against cancer in general, as obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer due to its association with increased inflammation and insulin resistance.
E.   Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer increase the risk significantly. Inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome increase the likelihood of developing this cancer.
F.   Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colorectal cancer due to the prolonged inflammation and cellular damage they cause in the colon.
G.   Regular physical activity has a protective effect against colorectal cancer by reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating bowel movement.

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Correct Answer is ["D","F","G","H"]

Explanation

A. A high-fiber diet is generally beneficial for gastrointestinal health but does not directly relate to peptic ulcer disease.

B. Chronic diarrhea is not typically a symptom of peptic ulcer disease.
C. Weight gain is not commonly associated with peptic ulcers, though weight loss due to nausea or pain may occur.
D. Burning stomach pain between meals or at night is a classic symptom of peptic ulcers, often caused by gastric acid.
E. Coughing and wheezing are not associated with peptic ulcers, but may indicate other conditions like asthma.
F. Helicobacter pylori infection is a leading cause of peptic ulcers, and its presence supports this diagnosis.
G. The use of NSAIDs is a well-known risk factor for peptic ulcers, as they can damage the stomach lining.
H. A positive urea breath test indicates the presence of H. pylori, supporting a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease.

A. Administer epinephrine intramuscularly B. Start intravenous access for fluid resuscitation. C. Provide supplemental oxygen to the patient. D. Administer corticosteroids immediately. E. Place the patient in a supine position with legs elevated. F. Administer oral antihistamines. G. Ensure the patient has a patent airway. H. Encourage oral fluid intake to counteract hypotension. I. Monitor the patient's skin for rashes.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","G"]

Explanation

A. Administering epinephrine intramuscularly is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, as it counteracts the effects of histamine and reduces swelling.
B. Starting intravenous access allows for fluid resuscitation and the administration of medications like epinephrine or corticosteroids.
C. Providing supplemental oxygen is necessary to support the patient's breathing and improve oxygenation during an anaphylactic reaction.
D. Corticosteroids may be used later to reduce inflammation, but they are not first-line treatments for anaphylaxis.
E. Placing the patient in a supine position with legs elevated may be helpful for circulation, but it is not the priority over administering epinephrine.

F. Oral antihistamines are not effective in the acute management of anaphylaxis, which requires immediate action.
G. Ensuring the patient's airway is patent is the top priority, as airway compromise can occur rapidly during anaphylaxis.
H. Encouraging oral fluid intake is not appropriate in this emergency situation, as intravenous fluids are needed.
I. Monitoring the patient's skin for rashes is important but secondary to managing the airway and circulation.

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A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. Which findings would support this diagnosis? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["D","F","G","H"]

Explanation

A patient is experiencing anaphylaxis after receiving an antibiotic. Which interventions should the nurse prioritize to address this condition? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","G"]

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

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A 58-year-old male with a new diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is being educated on lifestyle modifications to manage his condition. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate to recommend? (Select All that Apply.)

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A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A 55-year-old patient with newly diagnosed Type II Diabetes Mellitus is being educated on lifestyle modifications to manage their condition. Which of the following dietary recommendations would be most effective in controlling their blood glucose levels?

A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer?
(Select All that Apply.)