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A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer?
(Select All that Apply.)

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Moderate alcohol consumption

A diet high in red and processed meats

Low body mass index (BMI)

Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

Regular physical activity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,E,F

A.   A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is generally protective against colorectal cancer due to the high fiber content and antioxidants, reducing cancer risk.
B.   Moderate alcohol consumption can increase the risk of colorectal cancer, as alcohol has been linked to inflammation and changes in gut microbiota, which may contribute to carcinogenesis.
C.   A diet high in red and processed meats has been strongly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer due to the presence of carcinogenic substances like nitrates and heterocyclic amines in processed meats.

D.   A low body mass index (BMI) is actually protective against cancer in general, as obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer due to its association with increased inflammation and insulin resistance.
E.   Genetic factors such as having a family history of colorectal cancer increase the risk significantly. Inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome increase the likelihood of developing this cancer.
F.   Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis increase the risk of colorectal cancer due to the prolonged inflammation and cellular damage they cause in the colon.
G.   Regular physical activity has a protective effect against colorectal cancer by reducing inflammation, improving immune function, and regulating bowel movement.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A. Increasing fiber intake through vegetables and whole grains is recommended as it helps manage blood sugar levels and promotes overall health.
B. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly is essential for individuals with diabetes to assess their condition and adjust their treatment plan accordingly.
C. Consuming sugary drinks to maintain energy levels is not appropriate as sugary drinks can cause blood sugar spikes and worsen diabetes control.
D. Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week is beneficial for managing blood sugar levels, improving insulin sensitivity, and overall cardiovascular health.
E. Reducing alcohol consumption is recommended as excessive alcohol intake can interfere with blood sugar control and interact with diabetes medications.
F. Limiting carbohydrate intake, focusing on complex carbohydrates, helps prevent blood sugar spikes and promotes better diabetes management.
G. Relying solely on medication without lifestyle changes is not appropriate. Lifestyle modifications are essential in managing Type 2 diabetes effectively alongside medications.

A. Discoloration of the fingers B. Swelling of the entire hand C. Pain in the forearm without hand involvement D. Positive Phalen's test E. Positive Tinel's sign F. Pain relief with wrist extension

Correct Answer is ["D","E"]

Explanation

A. Discoloration of the fingers is not typically associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, which mainly involves nerve compression.
B. Swelling of the entire hand is not a common finding in carpal tunnel syndrome, though localized swelling at the wrist may occur.
C. Pain in the forearm without hand involvement is not typical of carpal tunnel syndrome, which primarily affects the wrist and hand.
D. A positive Phalen's test is indicative of carpal tunnel syndrome, as it reproduces symptoms when the wrist is flexed.
E. A positive Tinel's sign, which involves tapping the median nerve at the wrist to elicit symptoms, is a classic test for carpal tunnel syndrome.
F. Pain relief with wrist extension is common in carpal tunnel syndrome, as extending the wrist relieves pressure on the median nerve.

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A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 58-year-old male with a new diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is being educated on lifestyle modifications to manage his condition. Which of the following interventions would be appropriate to recommend? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E","F"]

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a patient who reports numbness and tingling in the fingers, especially at night. The patient works as a data entry clerk. Which findings support a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["D","E"]

Explanation

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A 55-year-old patient is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which factors are associated with an increased risk of developing this type of cancer?
(Select All that Apply.)