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A 68-year-old male patient is presenting with urinary incontinence. Which characteristics are commonly associated with overflow incontinence and functional incontinence?
(Select All that Apply.)

A.

Loss of urine during laughing or sneezing

B.

Constant dribbling of urine despite frequent urination

C.

Frequent urination at night with a strong urge

D.

Sudden and intense urge to urinate followed by loss of urine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,E

A.    Loss of urine during laughing or sneezing is typically associated with stress incontinence, not overflow or functional incontinence.
B.    Constant dribbling of urine despite frequent urination is a hallmark of overflow incontinence, often caused by an underactive bladder or obstruction.
C.    Frequent urination at night with a strong urge is more characteristic of urge incontinence.
D.    Sudden and intense urge to urinate followed by loss of urine is also indicative of urge incontinence.
E.    Inability to access the toilet in time due to physical limitations, such as arthritis, is common in functional incontinence, where the person is unable to reach the bathroom in time despite normal bladder function.
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Airway obstruction in asthma is not caused by thinning mucus. It is primarily due to bronchospasm, inflammation, and thickening of the mucus.
B. Decreased mucus production does not contribute to airway constriction in asthma. In fact, excessive mucus production is a key feature of asthma, leading to obstruction of the airways.
C. Bronchospasm in asthma involves inflammation, edema, and excess mucus production. These factors cause narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing.
D. Inflammation leads to airway narrowing, but it does not reduce the airway diameter in the sense of preventing bronchospasm. Bronchospasm occurs as a result of inflammation and muscle contraction.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sunbathing is not a significant factor that worsens MS symptoms. In fact, moderate exposure to sunlight may benefit people with MS by helping them get Vitamin D, which is believed to have protective effects.
B. Flying is not a common factor that exacerbates MS symptoms. However, the change in pressure can sometimes be uncomfortable for individuals with MS, but it doesn't typically worsen the condition.
C. Working in an office is not a factor known to worsen MS symptoms. The environment of an office typically does not contribute to symptom exacerbation, though stress or lack of mobility can have an indirect impact.
D. High altitude travel can worsen MS symptoms for some individuals. The decreased oxygen levels and low pressure at high altitudes can lead to increased fatigue, shortness of breath, or dizziness, which may exacerbate MS-related symptoms.

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