A 74-year-old man with cirrhosis is admitted to the hospital and he has started taking a diuretic. Which age-related change may result in decreased drug clearance in this patient?
Decreased blood flow to the liver
Increased body fat
Decreased serum albumin
Decreased body water
The Correct Answer is A
A. Decreased blood flow to the liver: Aging reduces hepatic perfusion, impairing the liver’s ability to metabolize drugs, especially in patients with liver disease.
B. Increased body fat: This affects the distribution of fat-soluble drugs but not clearance.
C. Decreased serum albumin: This affects protein binding and distribution of certain drugs but not clearance directly.
D. Decreased body water: This influences water-soluble drug distribution, not drug clearance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dehydration
Aging kidneys lose the ability to regulate fluid balance by concentrating or diluting urine, making older adults more prone to dehydration.
B. Urinary infection
Risk increases with age, but not directly due to impaired concentrating ability.
C. Renal failure
A long-term risk, but dehydration is a more immediate and common complication.
D. Incontinence
May occur for various reasons, but not directly related to inability to dilute/concentrate urine.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Slower gastric emptying of fluid
This affects digestion, not necessarily bowel motility or stool formation. It is not the primary factor in constipation.
B. Decreased hydrochloric acid
This may impair digestion but is not directly responsible for constipation.
C. Abdominal bloating
Bloating is more of a symptom than a cause. It may occur after constipation develops.
D. Lack of dietary fiber
Older adults often consume less fiber, which is crucial for stool bulk and regular bowel movements. Low fiber intake is a leading contributor to constipation.
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