What are the effects of aging on the nervous system?
Accelerated loss of neurons in the brain
Increased conduction speed of neurons
Decrease of short-term memory
Gradually declining loss of intellectual capability
The Correct Answer is C
A. Accelerated loss of neurons in the brain
Neuron loss occurs gradually. "Accelerated" implies rapid degeneration, which would be pathological, not normal aging.
B. Increased conduction speed of neurons
This is incorrect; aging is associated with decreased conduction speed due to demyelination and slower synaptic transmission.
C. Decrease of short-term memory
Short-term memory loss is a common age-related change in cognition, even in healthy aging.
D. Gradually declining loss of intellectual capability
While processing speed may decline, intellectual capacity (such as vocabulary and long-term memory) is generally preserved in normal aging.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. They affect more women than men
There is no consistent evidence that one sex is more affected than the other.
B. They are always caused by disease
Many chemosensory changes occur due to natural aging, not just disease.
C. They begin in the fifth decade of life
While possible, changes can begin earlier or later depending on multiple factors.
D. They are directly related to the aging process
Diminished taste and smell are common and normal changes of aging due to loss of receptor cells and reduced nerve function.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Glaucoma
In glaucoma, peripheral vision is lost first, so people look straight ahead and miss things to the side. Not consistent with looking out of the corner of the eyes.
B. Cataracts
Cataracts cause overall blurry vision, not central vision loss. People may complain of glare or faded colors.
C. Macular degeneration
Involves loss of central vision, leading the person to use peripheral vision (look from the corner of the eye) and hold objects very close.
D. Presbyopia
Affects the ability to focus on near objects, common with aging, but does not cause the person to use peripheral vision.
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