A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?

Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is higher to areas where the concentration is lower.

Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.

Sodium moves from areas where the concentration of solute is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.

Water and sodium particles move together to areas where sodium particles are higher.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because, during dehydration, water does not move towards areas of lower sodium concentration.

Choice B reason: This is correct because, during dehydration, the body retains sodium, and water follows by osmosis to areas where sodium concentration is higher, which can result in elevated sodium levels.

Choice C reason: Sodium does not typically move across membranes in response to solute concentration gradients; water does.

Choice D reason: Water moves independently of sodium particles, not necessarily together, and it moves towards areas of higher solute concentration.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Taking 3,000 mg of vitamin C daily is not recommended as it may increase the risk of calcium oxalate stones due to possible conversion of vitamin C to oxalate.

Choice B reason: Drinking 3 L of fluid every day is advised to prevent kidney stones by diluting the urine and reducing the concentration of stone-forming substances.

Choice C reason: Eating 12 oz of animal protein daily is excessive and can increase the risk of kidney stones due to higher excretion of calcium and oxalate.

Choice D reason: Restricting calcium intake to one serving per day is not recommended as a normal calcium intake is necessary to bind oxalate in the gut and reduce oxalate absorption.

A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypokalemia C. Hypomagnesemia D. Hypermagnesemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hyperkalemia is not typically associated with corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids can lead to increased excretion of potassium, not retention.

Choice B reason: Hypokalemia is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy due to increased excretion of potassium in the urine.

Choice C reason: Hypomagnesemia is not commonly associated with corticosteroid therapy.

Choice D reason: Hypermagnesemia is not typically induced by corticosteroid therapy.

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A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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