A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?

Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is higher to areas where the concentration is lower.

Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.

Sodium moves from areas where the concentration of solute is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.

Water and sodium particles move together to areas where sodium particles are higher.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because, during dehydration, water does not move towards areas of lower sodium concentration.

Choice B reason: This is correct because, during dehydration, the body retains sodium, and water follows by osmosis to areas where sodium concentration is higher, which can result in elevated sodium levels.

Choice C reason: Sodium does not typically move across membranes in response to solute concentration gradients; water does.

Choice D reason: Water moves independently of sodium particles, not necessarily together, and it moves towards areas of higher solute concentration.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: A hemoglobin level of 16 g/dL is within the normal range and does not indicate acute kidney injury.

Choice B reason: A BUN level of 15 mg/dL is also within the normal range and does not suggest acute kidney injury.

Choice C reason: A serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L is within the normal range and is not indicative of acute kidney injury.

Choice D reason: A serum creatinine level of 6 mg/dL is significantly elevated and indicates impaired kidney function, which is a hallmark of acute kidney injury.

A. pH 7.30, HCO3- 26 mEq/L, PaCO2 50 mm Hg B. pH 7.55, HCO3- 30 mEq/L, PaCO2 31 mm Hg C. pH 7.25, HCO3- 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg D. pH 7.50, HCO3- 20 mEq/L, PaCO2 32 mm Hg

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: pH 7.30 with elevated HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated respiratory acidosis, not typical for chronic kidney disease.

Choice B reason: pH 7.55 with elevated HCO3- and low PaCO2 suggests metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.

Choice C reason: pH 7.25 with decreased HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests metabolic acidosis, which is expected in chronic kidney disease due to the accumulation of acids.

Choice D reason: pH 7.50 with low HCO3- and PaCO2 suggests compensated metabolic alkalosis, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.

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A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?

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