A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?
Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is higher to areas where the concentration is lower.
Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.
Sodium moves from areas where the concentration of solute is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.
Water and sodium particles move together to areas where sodium particles are higher.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because, during dehydration, water does not move towards areas of lower sodium concentration.
Choice B reason: This is correct because, during dehydration, the body retains sodium, and water follows by osmosis to areas where sodium concentration is higher, which can result in elevated sodium levels.
Choice C reason: Sodium does not typically move across membranes in response to solute concentration gradients; water does.
Choice D reason: Water moves independently of sodium particles, not necessarily together, and it moves towards areas of higher solute concentration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: While kidney infections can cause swelling, they typically do not lead to a significant increase in abdominal girth unless associated with severe obstruction or advanced kidney disease.
Choice B reason: In PKD, the kidneys can become significantly enlarged due to the growth of numerous cysts, which
can indeed lead to an increase in abdominal girth.
Choice C reason: While stones can cause blockage and swelling, they would not typically result in a generalized increase in abdominal girth unless there is an associated infection or severe obstruction.
Choice D reason: Inflammation can lead to fluid retention, but in the context of PKD, it is the cysts' growth that primarily contributes to increased kidney size and abdominal girth.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Muscle spasms are not typically associated with aluminum hydroxide use.
Choice B reason: Constipation is a common adverse effect of aluminum hydroxide, especially when used as a
phosphate binder in clients with renal failure.
Choice C reason: Headaches are not commonly reported as an adverse effect of aluminum hydroxide.
Choice D reason: A metallic taste is not a common adverse effect associated with aluminum hydroxide.
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