A child in compensated shock will show which symptoms?

Somnolence, hypotension, oliguria

Irritability, tachypnea, hypotension

Irritability, capillary refill time > 2 seconds, bradycardia

Irritability, tachycardia, poor peripheral perfusion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Somnolence, hypotension, and oliguria are signs of decompensated shock, which occurs when the body's compensatory mechanisms fail to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.

Choice B reason: Irritability, tachypnea, and hypotension are also signs of decompensated shock, as the respiratory rate increases to compensate for the low blood pressure and oxygen delivery.

Choice C reason: Irritability, capillary refill time > 2 seconds, and bradycardia are not typical signs of compensated shock, as the heart rate usually increases to maintain cardiac output and blood pressure.

Choice D reason: Irritability, tachycardia, and poor peripheral perfusion are signs of compensated shock, which occurs when the body tries to maintain adequate tissue perfusion by increasing the heart rate, constricting the peripheral blood vessels, and shunting blood to the vital organs.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Slowing the heart rate does not increase diastolic filling time. Diastolic filling time is the time during which the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood. Slowing the heart rate would decrease the cardiac output and worsen the heart failure.

Choice B reason: Increasing urine output does decrease pulmonary congestion, but it is not the primary effect of Captopril. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This reduces the blood pressure and the afterload on the heart. Diuretics are the drugs that increase urine output and reduce fluid overload.

Choice C reason: This is the correct choice. Decreasing the afterload means reducing the resistance that the heart has to overcome to pump blood to the body. This lowers the blood pressure and the workload on the heart, which improves the cardiac function and reduces the symptoms of heart failure.

Choice D reason: Increasing serum potassium does not improve cardiac performance. In fact, high levels of potassium can cause cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Captopril can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium) as a side effect, which is why patients on this drug need to monitor their potassium levels and avoid potassium supplements or salt substitutes.

A. Chromosomal mutation is the cause. B. Slow feeding will be necessary for a few months. C. Dietary restrictions will be required throughout childhood. D. Surgery will be necessary.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Chromosomal mutation is not the cause of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The exact cause is unknown, but it may be related to genetic, environmental, or hormonal factors.

Choice B reason: Slow feeding will not be sufficient to manage hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The infant will have persistent vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss due to the obstruction of the pylorus.

Choice C reason: Dietary restrictions will not be effective for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The infant will not be able to tolerate any oral intake until the pylorus is surgically corrected.

Choice D reason: Surgery will be necessary to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The surgery is called pyloromyotomy, which involves cutting the thickened muscle of the pylorus to allow the stomach to empty into the duodenum.

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A child in compensated shock will show which symptoms?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A child with congestive heart failure is started on Captopril because its primary effect is

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A child in compensated shock will show which symptoms?

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