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A client arrives at the clinic with his daughter, reporting memory impairments:

Exhibits

Which of the following clinical feature are consistent with delirium? Select all that apply?

Altered level of consciousness

The onset of symptoms is months to years

Progressively worsens

May be caused by fluid and electrolyte imbalances or infection

May be caused by uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes

May cause impairments in judgment

Memory impairments

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D,F

Choice A rationale: Altered consciousness is a hallmark feature of delirium, where individuals may experience fluctuations in awareness.

Choice B rationale: Delirium typically has an acute onset rather than symptoms developing over months to years.

Choice C rationale: Delirium often has a fluctuating course, rather than a consistent progressive decline.

Choice D rationale: Delirium can result from various factors including fluid/electrolyte imbalances or infections.

Choice E rationale: While these conditions might contribute to cognitive impairments, they are not typically associated with delirium.

Choice F rationale: Delirium can affect judgment, but it's not a defining feature.

Choice G rationale: While memory impairments can be seen in delirium, they're often accompanied by altered consciousness and fluctuations in awareness.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This is not relevant to the current condition of the patient and does not support a diagnosis of renal calculi.

Choice B rationale: This is a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can have many causes such as peptic ulcer, gastritis or esophageal varices. It is not related to renal calculi or urinary tract problems.

Choice C rationale: Renal calculi usually causes pain which usually radiates anteriorly to the lower abdomen, groin, labia, testicles or the perineum depending on the location of the stone.

Choice D rationale: This is a sign of hematuria, which is blood in the urine caused by the passage of renal calculi (kidney stones) through the urinary tract. Hematuria can also cause the urine to appear dark or brown in color.

A. "Your urine might turn bright orange." B. "Don't take this drug if you're allergic to penicillin." C. "You need to take this antibiotic for 7 days." D. "Take this drug between meals and at bedtime."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Phenazopyridine can cause a harmless side effect of turning urine a reddish-orange color.

Choice B rationale: Phenazopyridine is not contraindicated in individuals allergic to penicillin.

Choice C rationale: Phenazopyridine is not an antibiotic; it's a medication used to relieve urinary pain. Antibiotics are prescribed separately to treat UTIs.

Choice D rationale: Phenazopyridine should be taken with food or after eating to minimize stomach upset, but it doesn't need to be taken between meals or at bedtime.

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A client arrives at the clinic with his daughter, reporting memory impairments: Exhibits Which of the following clinical feature are consistent with delirium? Select all that apply?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

You're planning your medication teaching for your patient with a UTI prescribed phenazopyridine (Pyridium). What do you include?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A client arrives at the clinic with his daughter, reporting memory impairments:

Exhibits

Which of the following clinical feature are consistent with delirium? Select all that apply?