A client comes to the clinic complaining of increase in thirst and increase in urination. The nurse does a urine dipstick and notices it turns positive for glucose. The nurse knows that the MOST likely reason for what the client is experiencing is because the patient has:
Renal failure
Bladder cancer
Diabetes mellitus
Kidney cancer
The Correct Answer is C
A. Renal failure: While renal failure can affect urine output, glucose in the urine (glucosuria) and polyuria with polydipsia are not the hallmark symptoms.
B. Bladder cancer: This may cause hematuria, but it doesn’t typically cause glucosuria, increased thirst, or urination.
C. Diabetes mellitus: In diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, leading to glucose spilling into the urine, causing polyuria (due to osmotic diuresis) and polydipsia.
D. Kidney cancer: Kidney cancer may cause flank pain, hematuria, or mass, not classic symptoms of diabetes or glucosuria.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Colon: The sigmoid colon is the S-shaped terminal portion of the large intestine, connecting to the rectum.
B. Esophagus: The esophagus is part of the upper digestive tract, not the colon.
C. Small intestine: The sigmoid colon is not a part of the small intestine.
D. Stomach: The stomach is part of the upper GI tract and does not include the sigmoid colon.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Causes albuminuria: Albuminuria (protein in urine) is a sign of kidney damage, not a direct effect of RAAS activation.
B. Reabsorbs K⁺ and eliminates Na⁺ in the urine: RAAS does the opposite-it reabsorbs sodium and excretes potassium.
C. Expands blood volume, increasing blood pressure: RAAS activation leads to vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention, which raises blood pressure.
D. Causes hematuria: Hematuria (blood in urine) is typically a sign of trauma, infection, or kidney disease-not directly linked to RAAS.
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