A client has a new prescription of spironolactone (Aldactone), and wants to learn about how the mechanism of action of this medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse explain to the client?
This medication works in the high-ceiling loop diuretics work in the loop of Henle. It blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water, which causes extensive diuresis even with severe renal impairment
This medication works in the distal tubule to block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water.
This medication reduces intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality and drawing fluid back into the vascular and extravascular space.
This medication blocks the action of aldosterone (sodium and water retention), which results in potassium retention and the excretion of sodium and water.
The Correct Answer is D
A. This statement is incorrect because spironolactone is not a loop diuretic and does not act in the loop of Henle. It works in the distal tubules of the kidney.
B. This description is more accurate for thiazide diuretics. Spironolactone works as an aldosterone antagonist and primarily affects sodium and water retention.
C. This description applies to osmotic diuretics like mannitol, not spironolactone.
D. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking aldosterone, preventing sodium and water retention, while promoting the retention of potassium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Morphine is an opioid agonist, not an antagonist. It binds to the mu and kappa receptors to produce its analgesic effects.
B. Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic that works by binding to the mu and kappa receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which produces pain relief.
C. This statement is not accurate. Morphine sulfate typically has a stronger analgesic effect than butorphanol, a partial opioid agonist.
D. Morphine sulfate has a high potential for abuse due to its euphoric effects and is classified as a controlled substance.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Inhaling and exhaling quickly through pursed lips does not achieve the intended purpose of pursed-lip breathing. This technique is designed to promote slower, controlled breathing to prevent airway collapse and improve oxygen exchange.
B. Exhaling quickly through pursed lips negates the benefits of pursed-lip breathing. The purpose of this technique is to prolong exhalation, reducing air trapping and improving ventilation.
C. Inhaling deeply through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips is the correct technique for pursed-lip breathing. This method helps maintain open airways, reduces dyspnea, and promotes relaxation.
D. Inhaling deeply through pursed lips and exhaling quickly through the nose is not consistent with proper pursed-lip breathing. The inhalation should be through the nose, and exhalation should be slow and controlled through pursed lips.
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