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A client has a new prescription of spironolactone (Aldactone), and wants to learn about how the mechanism of action of this medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse explain to the client?

This medication works in the high-ceiling loop diuretics work in the loop of Henle. It blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water, which causes extensive diuresis even with severe renal impairment

This medication works in the distal tubule to block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride and prevents the reabsorption of water.

This medication reduces intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality and drawing fluid back into the vascular and extravascular space.

This medication blocks the action of aldosterone (sodium and water retention), which results in potassium retention and the excretion of sodium and water.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   This statement is incorrect because spironolactone is not a loop diuretic and does not act in the loop of Henle. It works in the distal tubules of the kidney.
B.   This description is more accurate for thiazide diuretics. Spironolactone works as an aldosterone antagonist and primarily affects sodium and water retention.
C.   This description applies to osmotic diuretics like mannitol, not spironolactone.
D.   Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking aldosterone, preventing sodium and water retention, while promoting the retention of potassium.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

A. BUN is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Elevated BUN levels can indicate impaired kidney function or kidney dysfunction. Since kidney dysfunction can affect the elimination of waste products, monitoring BUN is essential to assess the kidney's ability to filter and excrete waste.
B. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is filtered out by the kidneys. It is one of the most reliable indicators of kidney function. When kidney function is impaired, creatinine levels rise in the blood because the kidneys are unable to excrete it efficiently.
C. Lipid panel: This is unrelated to the metabolism of medications.
D. Blood glucose: Blood glucose levels are important for diabetes management but are not directly impacted by kidney dysfunction in relation to medication response.

A. The medication works in the distal tubule to block the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, B. This medication is the first choice to treat essential hypertension C. A complication of this medication is urinary retention D. A complication of this medication is opioid toxicity

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

A. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that works in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. It inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, leading to increased excretion of water, sodium, and chloride.
B. Hydrochlorothiazide is often the first-line treatment for hypertension because it helps reduce blood pressure through diuresis (increased urine output), which reduces fluid volume in the body.
C. Urinary retention is not a known complication of hydrochlorothiazide. Instead, it may cause frequent urination due to its diuretic effect.
D. Hydrochlorothiazide does not interact with opioids in a way that would cause opioid toxicity. It primarily affects sodium and water balance in the body.

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A client has a new prescription of spironolactone (Aldactone), and wants to learn about how the mechanism of action of this medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse explain to the client?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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