A nurse is preparing an in-service about potassium-wasting diuretics. Which of the following medications is a diuretic has a complication of hypokalemia?

Mannitol

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Furosemide (Lasix)

Metformin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic, and although it can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, it does not specifically cause hypokalemia as a primary side effect.
B.   Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so it is less likely to cause hypokalemia. In fact, it can cause hyperkalemia.
C.   Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urine output and can lead to potassium loss, causing hypokalemia. This is a common complication of loop diuretics.
D.   Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication and is not a diuretic, so it is not associated with hypokalemia.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

A. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that works in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. It inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, leading to increased excretion of water, sodium, and chloride.
B. Hydrochlorothiazide is often the first-line treatment for hypertension because it helps reduce blood pressure through diuresis (increased urine output), which reduces fluid volume in the body.
C. Urinary retention is not a known complication of hydrochlorothiazide. Instead, it may cause frequent urination due to its diuretic effect.
D. Hydrochlorothiazide does not interact with opioids in a way that would cause opioid toxicity. It primarily affects sodium and water balance in the body.

A. Vomiting B. Restlessness C. Pulmonary edema D. Nausea

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Vomiting is not typically associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). However, prochlorperazine is used to prevent nausea and vomiting, so vomiting would not be related to EPS.
B. Restlessness (also called akathisia) is a common symptom of EPS, which is a movement disorder that can occur as a side effect of antipsychotic medications like prochlorperazine. Other symptoms may include tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
C. Pulmonary edema is not a sign of EPS. It is a serious condition involving fluid accumulation in the lungs, typically related to heart failure or other serious health conditions.
D. Nausea is not a sign of EPS. While prochlorperazine is used to treat nausea, EPS symptoms typically involve abnormal movements or muscle control issues.

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A nurse is preparing an in-service about potassium-wasting diuretics. Which of the following medications is a diuretic has a complication of hypokalemia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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