A client has an order for Congentin 2 mg tablet 2x a day. The client asks the nurse for the possible side effects of this medication. (Select all that apply)

Tachycardia

Hallucination

Blurred vision

Confusion

Constipation

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A reason: Congentin (benztropine), an anticholinergic used for parkinsonian symptoms, blocks acetylcholine, increasing sympathetic activity and causing tachycardia. This occurs as the parasympathetic inhibition of heart rate is reduced, leading to elevated heart rate, a common side effect in anticholinergic therapy, particularly in sensitive patients.

Choice B reason: Hallucinations are not a common side effect of Congentin. While anticholinergics can cause delirium or confusion, especially in older adults, hallucinations are more associated with dopaminergic agents or conditions like Lewy body dementia, not benztropine’s primary anticholinergic effects.

Choice C reason: Blurred vision is a frequent side effect of Congentin due to its anticholinergic properties, which inhibit parasympathetic control of the ciliary muscle, impairing accommodation. This leads to difficulty focusing, particularly at close range, and is a well-documented effect in patients taking anticholinergic medications.

Choice D reason: Confusion is a known side effect of Congentin, especially in older adults, due to its anticholinergic effects on the central nervous system. Blocking acetylcholine in the brain disrupts cognitive processing, leading to confusion, memory issues, or delirium, particularly in susceptible populations.

Choice E reason: Constipation is a common side effect of Congentin, as its anticholinergic action inhibits parasympathetic stimulation of gastrointestinal motility. This slows peristalsis, leading to reduced bowel movements and constipation, a frequent complaint in patients taking anticholinergic drugs like benztropine for parkinsonian symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Parkinson’s disease affects men more than women, with a 1.5–2 times higher incidence in men, possibly due to genetic or hormonal factors. This statement is incorrect, as it does not reflect the gender disparity.

Choice B reason: Parkinson’s disease typically affects individuals over 60, with age being the primary risk factor due to progressive dopamine neuron loss in the substantia nigra, causing motor symptoms, making this the correct information.

Choice C reason: Parkinson’s disease is not caused by infection but by neurodegeneration, primarily dopamine neuron loss. Infections may mimic symptoms in rare cases, but this is not the etiology, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Only 10–15% of Parkinson’s cases are inherited, linked to genes like LRRK2. Most cases are sporadic, related to environmental and age-related factors, making this statement incorrect for the majority of cases.

A. Prolonged rehabilitation unit stay B. Recent use of antibiotics C. Recent surgical procedure D. Current intensive care unit stay

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Prolonged rehabilitation unit stays increase MRSA risk due to extended exposure to healthcare settings, where resistant bacteria thrive. However, this risk is less specific than antibiotic use, as it depends on factors like hygiene practices and patient contact. MRSA colonization often results from environmental exposure, but antibiotics directly drive resistance development.

Choice B reason: Recent antibiotic use is the highest risk factor for hospital-acquired MRSA, as it disrupts normal microbial flora, promoting resistant strain overgrowth. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, like fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins, select for MRSA by eliminating susceptible bacteria, allowing resistant strains to colonize skin or mucous membranes, increasing infection risk significantly.

Choice C reason: Recent surgical procedures elevate MRSA risk due to invasive interventions breaching skin barriers, providing entry points for bacteria. Surgical wounds are susceptible to colonization, but this risk is secondary to antibiotic use, which directly fosters resistant strain selection and proliferation in the hospital environment.

Choice D reason: Current intensive care unit stays increase MRSA risk due to critical illness, invasive devices, and frequent antibiotic exposure. However, this is less specific than recent antibiotic use, which directly alters microbial ecology, promoting MRSA colonization and infection across various hospital settings, not just ICUs.

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A client has an order for Congentin 2 mg tablet 2x a day. The client asks the nurse for the possible side effects of this medication. (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing a presentation on Parkinson’s disease (PD) for a health fair at a local community center. Which information should the nurse include in the presentation?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is planning care for several patients in the hospital environment. Which is the highest risk factor for a patient developing hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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