Which of the following is a primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?

Solar radiation

Geothermal energy

Tidal energy

Nuclear energy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Solar radiation is the primary driver of Earth's climate system, delivering approximately 1361 W/m² of electromagnetic energy, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet. About 70% of this energy is absorbed by Earth's surface and atmosphere, heating them and powering atmospheric circulation, ocean currents, evaporation, and the hydrologic cycle. This solar input creates temperature gradients that drive weather patterns and sustain global climate dynamics, making it the dominant energy source for the climate system.

Choice B reason: Geothermal energy originates from Earth's internal heat, primarily from radioactive decay of isotopes like uranium and thorium, and residual heat from planetary formation. It contributes approximately 0.087 W/m², a negligible amount compared to solar radiation. This energy drives localized geological processes, such as volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents, but has minimal impact on global atmospheric or oceanic circulation, rendering it insignificant for the climate system.

Choice C reason: Tidal energy results from gravitational interactions between Earth, the Moon, and the Sun, driving ocean tides and coastal currents. While it influences localized ocean mixing and coastal ecosystems, its contribution to the global climate system is minimal. Tidal energy lacks the scale and distribution to drive atmospheric circulation or large-scale weather patterns, unlike solar radiation's pervasive and dominant influence on climate dynamics.

Choice D reason: Nuclear energy, whether from human-controlled fission or natural radioactive decay, does not significantly contribute to Earth's climate system. Natural decay adds slightly to geothermal heat, but its impact is limited to subsurface geological processes. It lacks the widespread energy transfer required to drive atmospheric dynamics, ocean currents, or global climate patterns, making it irrelevant as a primary driver of the climate system.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hyperkalemia is not typical in bulimia nervosa. Frequent vomiting causes electrolyte loss, particularly potassium, leading to hypokalemia due to hydrogen ion exchange in the kidneys. Hyperkalemia is more associated with renal failure or other conditions, not bulimia’s vomiting-induced losses.

Choice B reason: Dental decay is expected in bulimia nervosa due to frequent self-induced vomiting, which exposes teeth to gastric acid, eroding enamel. This acid exposure, often high in hydrogen ions, demineralizes teeth, causing cavities and sensitivity, a hallmark physical consequence of bulimia’s purging behavior.

Choice C reason: Amenorrhea is more associated with anorexia nervosa, where severe weight loss disrupts hormonal balance, halting menstruation. Bulimia patients often maintain normal weight, so menstrual cycles are typically preserved, making amenorrhea an unlikely finding in this condition.

Choice D reason: Lower than normal body weight is characteristic of anorexia nervosa, not bulimia nervosa, where patients often maintain normal or slightly above-normal weight due to binge-purge cycles. Weight fluctuations occur, but significant underweight status is not typical, unlike in anorexia.

A. Poor concentration B. Sleepiness C. Voice tremors D. Depersonalization

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Panic-level anxiety activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing catecholamine release, which impairs cognitive function. This leads to poor concentration as the brain prioritizes fight-or-flight responses, diverting resources from prefrontal cortex activity. Clients struggle to focus, process information, or maintain attention due to heightened arousal and overwhelming fear, making this a key finding.

Choice B reason: Sleepiness is not typical in panic-level anxiety, which causes hyperarousal, not sedation. The sympathetic nervous system activation increases heart rate, alertness, and vigilance, counteracting drowsiness. Sleep disturbances may occur post-panic due to exhaustion, but during a panic episode, clients are hyperalert, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Voice tremors are common in panic-level anxiety due to autonomic nervous system activation, causing muscle tension and vocal cord vibrations. Elevated adrenaline levels lead to physical symptoms like trembling, including the voice, as the body prepares for a perceived threat, making this a correct expected finding.

Choice D reason: Depersonalization, a sense of detachment from oneself, occurs in panic-level anxiety due to intense fear overwhelming the brain’s sensory integration. The amygdala’s hyperactivation disrupts normal self-perception, leading to feelings of unreality. This dissociative symptom is a hallmark of severe anxiety, making this a correct expected finding.

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Which of the following is a primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a female client who has bulimia nervosa and reports frequent self-induced vomiting. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse on an inpatient mental health unit is caring for a client who is experiencing panic-level anxiety. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has experienced a stroke and exhibits parkinsonian effects. The client’s cognition fluctuates. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect the client to have?

During a home visit, the client with fibromyalgia is concerned about being constantly tired. Which response should the nurse make to this client?

A nurse is working with a client and their partner. Which of the following information describes the reason it is important to recognize early warning signs related to substance use?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has Alzheimer’s disease and is in the terminal phase. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is discussing the difference between mental illness and mental health with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding?

A team of providers, nurses, social workers, and counselors work together to provide care for a client with a substance use disorder. Which of the following names describes this group of clinicians?

A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client for suspected cocaine intoxication. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A community health nurse is creating a presentation about mood disorders for a local support group. The nurse should include which of the following as a risk factor for suicide?