Which of the following is a primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?

Solar radiation

Geothermal energy

Tidal energy

Nuclear energy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Solar radiation is the primary driver of Earth's climate system, delivering approximately 1361 W/m² of electromagnetic energy, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet. About 70% of this energy is absorbed by Earth's surface and atmosphere, heating them and powering atmospheric circulation, ocean currents, evaporation, and the hydrologic cycle. This solar input creates temperature gradients that drive weather patterns and sustain global climate dynamics, making it the dominant energy source for the climate system.

Choice B reason: Geothermal energy originates from Earth's internal heat, primarily from radioactive decay of isotopes like uranium and thorium, and residual heat from planetary formation. It contributes approximately 0.087 W/m², a negligible amount compared to solar radiation. This energy drives localized geological processes, such as volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents, but has minimal impact on global atmospheric or oceanic circulation, rendering it insignificant for the climate system.

Choice C reason: Tidal energy results from gravitational interactions between Earth, the Moon, and the Sun, driving ocean tides and coastal currents. While it influences localized ocean mixing and coastal ecosystems, its contribution to the global climate system is minimal. Tidal energy lacks the scale and distribution to drive atmospheric circulation or large-scale weather patterns, unlike solar radiation's pervasive and dominant influence on climate dynamics.

Choice D reason: Nuclear energy, whether from human-controlled fission or natural radioactive decay, does not significantly contribute to Earth's climate system. Natural decay adds slightly to geothermal heat, but its impact is limited to subsurface geological processes. It lacks the widespread energy transfer required to drive atmospheric dynamics, ocean currents, or global climate patterns, making it irrelevant as a primary driver of the climate system.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Cobb’s angle is not used for pain management in scoliosis. It is a diagnostic measurement of spinal curvature on X-rays, quantifying the degree of lateral deviation. Pain management involves therapies like bracing or surgery, unrelated to this measurement tool.

Choice B reason: Cobb’s angle is not a treatment for scoliosis but a diagnostic tool. It measures the angle of spinal curvature on radiographs to assess severity and guide treatment decisions, such as bracing or surgery, making this statement inaccurate.

Choice C reason: Cobb’s angle does not identify teens at risk for scoliosis but evaluates existing curvature in diagnosed cases. Screening tools, like the forward bend test, identify risk, while Cobb’s angle quantifies confirmed spinal deformity, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Cobb’s angle is the standard measurement for scoliosis, calculated on X-rays by intersecting lines from the most tilted vertebrae, quantifying lateral spinal curvature in degrees. It determines severity (e.g., mild, moderate, severe) and guides treatment, making this the correct definition.

A. Increase the dose of medication as needed if relief of manifestations is not experienced B. Relief of manifestations should be expected after a few weeks of therapy C. Foods that are known to be high in dietary tyramine should be avoided D. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how alprazolam affects you

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increasing alprazolam dose without medical guidance is unsafe due to risks of dependence and overdose. Benzodiazepines require strict dosing to avoid respiratory depression, making this choice incorrect and dangerous for client discussion.

Choice B reason: Alprazolam provides rapid relief for anxiety within hours, not weeks, due to its fast-acting benzodiazepine properties on GABA receptors. Expecting relief after weeks is incorrect, as it misrepresents the drug’s pharmacokinetics, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Tyramine avoidance applies to MAOI antidepressants, not benzodiazepines like alprazolam. Tyramine causes hypertensive crises with MAOIs, not alprazolam, which affects GABA, making this choice irrelevant and incorrect for the discussion.

Choice D reason: Alprazolam can cause sedation and impaired coordination, affecting GABA receptors and slowing brain activity. Advising to avoid driving or machinery until its effects are known ensures safety, making this the correct topic for client education.

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Which of the following is a primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A newly diagnosed teenage girl with scoliosis asks the nurse what is Cobb’s angle? You know the nurse’s answer is correct when she says this:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed alprazolam, a benzodiazepine for managing severe manifestations of anxiety. Which of the following should the nurse prepare to discuss with the client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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