A nurse is caring for a client who has experienced a stroke and exhibits parkinsonian effects. The client's cognition fluctuates. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect the client to have?

HIV infection

Prion disease

Lewy body disease

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. HIV infection can cause dementia, but it typically presents with apathy, social withdrawal, and motor dysfunction—not parkinsonian features with fluctuating cognition.
B. Prion disease (such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) presents with rapid progression of dementia, myoclonus, and ataxia, but not typically with parkinsonian features or fluctuating cognition.
C. Lewy body disease is characterized by fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonian motor symptoms. These features strongly suggest dementia with Lewy bodies, especially in the context of stroke or neurodegenerative changes.
D. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration primarily affects behavior, personality, and language. Parkinsonian symptoms and fluctuating cognition are not hallmark features.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Finding comfort in connecting with family is a healthy coping mechanism and a normal part of the grieving process, not an indicator of clinical depression.
B. Loss of appetite can occur with both grief and depression, so it is not specific enough to indicate clinical depression.
C. Intense sadness is a normal reaction to grief, especially shortly after a loss. It is not necessarily pathological.
D. Loss of interest in pleasurable activities (anhedonia) is a hallmark symptom of clinical depression. When sadness persists and interferes with daily functioning and enjoyment of life, it may signal the transition from normal grief to a depressive disorder.

A. very Old B. Aged C. Older D. Elderly

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Very old (sometimes referred to as the "oldest-old") typically includes individuals 85 years and older, according to classifications used by the U.S. Census Bureau and gerontological studies. A 92-year-old falls into this category.
B. Aged is a general term and not an official classification. It may be used broadly but doesn't specifically apply to the 85+ group.
C. Older is a nonspecific term often used to describe those over 65 but is not a distinct age category like “very old.”
D. Elderly is another broad, non-specific term and is often used interchangeably with “older adults,” but does not denote a specific age group such as the "very old" classification.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has experienced a stroke and exhibits parkinsonian effects. The client's cognition fluctuates. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect the client to have?

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Correct Answer is A

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