A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Which finding is consistent with known risk factors for this disease?

The client is of Asian descent.

The client's water source comes from a well.

The client worked in agriculture.

The client is military veteran.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Ethnicity alone is not a known risk factor for ALS. ALS has a relatively uniform incidence across different ethnic groups. Studies have not demonstrated a significant correlation between ALS and being of Asian descent specifically.

B.   There is limited evidence suggesting that consuming well water could be associated with an increased risk of ALS, particularly if the well water is contaminated with certain toxins or heavy metals. However, this is not a widely established risk factor and is less directly linked to ALS compared to other known risk factors.
C.   Working in agriculture has been identified as a potential risk factor for ALS. Agricultural workers are often exposed to various environmental toxins, pesticides, and herbicides, which have been associated with an increased risk of developing ALS. This occupational exposure is considered a significant risk factor for the disease.
D.   Military veterans are known to have an increased risk of developing ALS. Several studies have shown that veterans, particularly those who served in combat or were exposed to specific environmental hazards during their service, have a higher incidence of ALS compared to the general population.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles due to impaired communication between nerves and muscles. It is not directly related to HSV infection.
B. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to demyelination of nerve fibers. While the exact cause of MS is not completely understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. HSV is not directly associated with the development of MS.
C. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune condition that affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. GBS is often preceded by an infection, and while it is most commonly associated with infections like Campylobacter jejuni, other infections, including HSV, have also been implicated as potential triggers for GBS.
D. Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis or weakness due to inflammation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). HSV has been identified as a potential cause of Bell's palsy, as the virus can lead to inflammation of the facial nerve.

A. Multiple sclerosis (MS) B. Myasthenia gravis (MG) C. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) D. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. MS is an autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system, not the kidneys.
B. MG is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, not the kidneys.
C. GBS is an autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system, not the kidneys.
D. SLE is a systemic autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys. Glomerulonephritis is a common complication of SLE.

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A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Which finding is consistent with known risk factors for this disease?

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