A client is exhibiting diminished range of motion, loss of flexibility, stiffness, and loss of height. The history and physical findings are associated with age-related changes of which area?

Ligaments.

Bones.

Muscles.

Joints.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Ligaments connect bones and stabilize joints. Age-related changes in ligaments result in decreased elasticity, leading to joint stiffness but not directly causing loss of height.

Choice B rationale

Bones undergo resorption and may lose density with age, leading to osteoporosis. While this contributes to height loss, it is not typically associated with diminished range of motion or flexibility as primary symptoms.

Choice C rationale

Muscles lose mass and strength with aging, a condition known as sarcopenia. This affects flexibility and range of motion but does not lead directly to height loss.

Choice D rationale

Joints are affected by age-related changes such as cartilage wear and synovial fluid reduction, leading to stiffness, loss of flexibility, diminished range of motion, and height loss due to spinal disc compression and vertebral changes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Ataxic gait is characterized by uncoordinated movement, wide-based steps, and irregular distances between steps, often seen in cerebellar dysfunctions.

Choice B rationale

Dystrophic gait is associated with muscle weakness, often seen in muscular dystrophies, where there is difficulty in walking, a waddle-like walk, and frequent falls.

Choice C rationale

Steppage gait is associated with foot drop, where the individual lifts their knees higher than usual to avoid dragging their toes, often seen in peripheral neuropathies.

Choice D rationale

Helicopod gait involves the feet making a half-circle with each step and is often seen in individuals with certain neurologic disorders, such as hemiplegia or certain types of ataxia.

A. Occipital. B. Frontal. C. Temporal. D. Parietal.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information and does not play a significant role in spatial relationships.

Choice B rationale

The frontal lobe is involved in higher cognitive functions, decision-making, and voluntary movements, but it is not primarily responsible for spatial relationships.

Choice C rationale

The temporal lobe is involved in auditory processing, language comprehension, and memory formation. It is not primarily responsible for spatial relationships.

Choice D rationale

The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information and plays a crucial role in spatial relationships, helping to understand and navigate the environment.

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A client is exhibiting diminished range of motion, loss of flexibility, stiffness, and loss of height. The history and physical findings are associated with age-related changes of which area?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client in the emergency department has a suspected neurologic disorder. To assess gait, the nurse asks the client to take a few steps; with each step, the client's feet make a half circle. To document the client's gait, the nurse should use which term?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for spatial relationships?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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