A client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease has developed slurred speech and drooling.

The nurse knows that these symptoms indicate which of the following?

The client is exhibiting signs of medication overdose.

Medication needs to be adjusted to higher doses.

The client is having an exacerbation.

The disease has entered the late stages.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Signs of medication overdose in Parkinson's disease typically include hallucinations, confusion, and dyskinesia (involuntary movements), rather than slurred speech and drooling. These symptoms are more associated with disease progression.

Choice B rationale

Increasing the medication dose might help in early or middle stages, but slurred speech and drooling indicate more advanced disease stages. Adjusting the dose might not address these specific symptoms effectively.

Choice C rationale

An exacerbation in Parkinson's disease would typically involve a worsening of existing symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Slurred speech and drooling suggest a more chronic progression rather than an acute exacerbation.

Choice D rationale

In the late stages of Parkinson's disease, symptoms can include significant motor dysfunction, slurred speech, and excessive drooling due to impaired swallowing and muscle control. These are signs of advanced disease progression.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A 5% deficit in body weight compared to pre-illness weight and increased caloric need may indicate the need for nutritional intervention, but it is not specific to parenteral nutrition. Acute pancreatitis patients often have difficulty maintaining nutritional intake due to pain and digestive issues, but a 5% weight deficit alone isn't a definitive trigger for PN.

Choice B rationale

A significant risk of aspiration and decreased level of consciousness indicates the need for close monitoring and possibly intubation to protect the airway. However, this alone doesn't necessitate parenteral nutrition unless it is combined with the inability to consume adequate nutrition orally or enterally.

Choice C rationale

A calorie deficit, muscle wasting, and low electrolyte levels are serious concerns that warrant nutritional support, but the specific indicator for parenteral nutrition is the inability to meet nutritional needs through oral or enteral routes. PN is a method to provide nutrition when GI tract use is not possible or adequate.

Choice D rationale

Inability to take adequate oral food or fluids within 7 days is a clear indication for parenteral nutrition. For patients with acute pancreatitis who cannot tolerate oral or enteral feeding, PN ensures they receive the necessary nutrients to support recovery and prevent further complications.

A. Gently pressing the bones on the neck. B. Moving the head toward both sides. C. Lightly tapping the lower portion of the neck to detect sensation. D. Moving the head and chin toward the chest.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Pressing the bones on the neck does not adequately assess for rigidity and may cause discomfort without providing useful information about the neurologic status.

Choice B rationale

Moving the head toward both sides is a method used to assess range of motion but does not specifically assess for neck rigidity, which requires specific positioning and movement.

Choice C rationale

Lightly tapping the lower portion of the neck to detect sensation does not assess for rigidity; it may be used to test sensory function rather than muscular stiffness or tension.

Choice D rationale

Moving the head and chin toward the chest is the standard method to assess for neck rigidity, especially in cases of suspected meningitis. This movement can reveal stiffness or resistance, which are key indicators of neurologic involvement.

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A client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease has developed slurred speech and drooling. The nurse knows that these symptoms indicate which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease has developed slurred speech and drooling.

The nurse knows that these symptoms indicate which of the following?