A client who has chronic renal failure and has been on dialysis for 2 years has been wondering why he is anemic. The nurse explains that anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:
Inadequate retention of serum sodium (Na).
Inadequate production of erythropoietin.
Blood loss in the urine.
Renal desensitization to Vitamin D.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Inadequate retention of serum sodium is not typically associated with anemia in chronic renal failure.
Choice B reason: Inadequate production of erythropoietin is the correct answer because the kidneys produce erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot produce enough erythropoietin, leading to anemia.
Choice C reason: While blood loss in the urine can occur, it is not the primary cause of anemia in chronic renal failure.
Choice D reason: Renal desensitization to Vitamin D affects bone health and calcium levels but is not the primary cause of anemia in chronic renal failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["82.5"]
Explanation
The general rule of thumb for urine output is 0.5 mL/kg/hour.
Step 1: Convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms.
We know that 1 kg = 2.2 lbs.
So, we have:
363 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 165 kg (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Step 2: Calculate the urine output using the rule of 0.5 mL/kg/hour. So, we have:
165 kg × 0.5 mL/kg/hour = 82.5 mL/hour
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason : Smoking tobacco is the most significant risk factor for developing emphysema. It damages the air sacs in the lungs and leads to the characteristic symptoms of emphysema.
Choice B reason : While pollution can contribute to respiratory problems, it is not the most common risk factor for emphysema compared to smoking tobacco.
Choice C reason : Age between 20 to 30 years is not a risk factor for emphysema. Emphysema typically develops after many years of smoking, often in older adults.
Choice D reason : Asthma is a different respiratory condition and is not a risk factor for emphysema. However, individuals with asthma who smoke may have an increased risk of developing COPD, which includes emphysema.
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