A client, whose cancer is very advanced, has decided not to have surgery or chemotherapy. The nurse believes that, as a rule, everything possible should be done to preserve life. However, once the client has decided, the nurse supports the decision. Which ethical principle provides the best basis for the nurse's actions?

Justice

Nonmaleficence

Beneficence

Respect for autonomy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Justice: Justice refers to fairness and equitable distribution of resources and treatment. While it is important in healthcare decision-making, it is not directly applicable in this scenario, where the focus is on respecting the client's autonomy in decision-making.

B. Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence is the principle of doing no harm. While it is essential for healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to clients, it does not directly address the client's right to make autonomous decisions about their care.

C. Beneficence: Beneficence refers to the duty to do good and act in the best interest of the client. While it is important for nurses to promote the well-being of their clients, in this scenario, the client's autonomous decision not to undergo surgery or chemotherapy takes precedence over the nurse's desire to promote beneficence.

D. Respect for autonomy: This is the correct answer. Respect for autonomy is the ethical principle that recognizes individuals' right to make their own decisions and choices regarding their healthcare, based on their values, beliefs, and preferences. In this scenario, the nurse respects the client's autonomous decision not to pursue surgery or chemotherapy, even though it may conflict with the nurse's personal beliefs about preserving life.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. White meats and breads: While white meats and breads may be part of a balanced diet, they do not contribute significant amounts of dietary fiber. White bread, in particular, is often lower in fiber compared to whole grain varieties.

B. Red meats and milk: Red meats and milk are good sources of protein and calcium but do not provide significant amounts of dietary fiber. While milk products contain some lactose, a type of sugar that may have a mild laxative effect in some individuals, they are not considered primary sources of fiber.

C. Fats and bran: While bran is a good source of dietary fiber, consuming excessive amounts of fats is not recommended for promoting regular bowel movements. While some fats may be necessary in the diet, they should be consumed in moderation.

D. Fruits and vegetables: This is the correct answer. Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of dietary fiber, including both soluble and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber helps soften stools, while insoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool, facilitating easier defecation. Including a variety of fruits and vegetables in the diet can significantly increase fiber intake and promote regular bowel movements.

A. Milk and cheese B. Lean meats C. Fruit and vegetables D. Bread and pasta

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Milk and cheese: While milk and cheese are sources of calcium and protein, they are not typically recommended as primary dietary choices for preventing or treating constipation. In fact, for some individuals, dairy products can contribute to constipation, particularly if they are consumed in excess or if the individual is lactose intolerant.

B. Lean meats: Lean meats provide protein and essential nutrients but are not specifically known for their role in preventing or treating constipation. While protein is important for overall health, focusing solely on lean meats may not provide the dietary fiber needed to promote regular bowel movements.

C. Fruit and vegetables: This statement is correct. Fruit and vegetables are rich sources of dietary fiber, which plays a crucial role in promoting healthy bowel function and preventing constipation. Fiber adds bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass through the digestive tract. Fruits such as apples, berries, and pears, as well as vegetables like broccoli, spinach, and carrots, are particularly high in fiber and can help alleviate constipation when included in the diet.

D. Bread and pasta: Bread and pasta are sources of carbohydrates, but they may not necessarily contain high levels of dietary fiber, especially if they are made from refined grains. While whole grain bread and pasta can provide more fiber than their refined counterparts, they may not be as effective in preventing or treating constipation compared to fruits and vegetables, which are naturally rich in fiber.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse teaches the client that fiber provides the bulk in the stools to allow for easier defecation. The nurse recognizes that teaching is effective when the client's menu choices include more:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which food item should the nurse instruct the patient to consume to prevent or treat constipation?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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