The nurse is caring for a client with a fluid volume deficit and hypovolemia. What actions can the nurse take without a physician's order?

Daily weights, vital signs and fluid intake and output

Monitoring temperature, fluid intake and output and administering IV fluids

Auscultation of lung sounds. Monitoring urine color and placing an indwelling urinary catheter in the client

Daily weights, diuretics and waist measurement

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Daily weights, vital signs, and fluid intake and output: These are essential nursing assessments and interventions that can be implemented without a physician's order to monitor the client's fluid volume deficit and hypovolemia. Daily weights help assess changes in fluid status, vital signs provide information on the client's hemodynamic stability, and monitoring fluid intake and output helps track fluid balance.

B. Monitoring temperature, fluid intake and output, and administering IV fluids: While monitoring temperature and fluid intake and output are important aspects of nursing care, administering IV fluids typically requires a physician's order, especially in the context of hypovolemia. The nurse should collaborate with the healthcare team to determine the need for IV fluid therapy.

C. Auscultation of lung sounds, monitoring urine color, and placing an indwelling urinary catheter in the client: Auscultation of lung sounds and monitoring urine color are relevant assessments for fluid volume status, but placing an indwelling urinary catheter typically requires a physician's order unless there is a specific nursing protocol in place allowing nurses to insert catheters under certain circumstances.

D. Daily weights, diuretics, and waist measurement: While daily weights are appropriate for assessing fluid status, administering diuretics should be based on a physician's order and assessment findings. Waist measurement is not typically used to assess fluid volume deficit and hypovolemia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Lithotomy with a drape for privacy: The lithotomy position, where the client lies on their back with hips and knees flexed and legs supported in stirrups, is typically used for gynecological examinations or procedures. While this position provides access to the abdominal area, it is not typically used for routine abdominal assessments. Additionally, draping for privacy may not be necessary for a routine abdominal assessment.

B. Supine with arms at their sides: This is the most appropriate position for performing an abdominal assessment. In the supine position, the client lies on their back with arms at their sides, which allows for easy access to the abdomen. The supine position provides optimal relaxation of abdominal muscles and facilitates palpation and auscultation of abdominal organs.

C. Left decubitus: The left decubitus position, where the client lies on their left side with the right knee flexed, is sometimes used to facilitate gastric emptying and reduce gastroesophageal reflux. While this position may provide some access to the abdominal area, it is not typically used for routine abdominal assessments.

D. A position that feels most comfortable for the client: While it is essential to consider the client's comfort during any assessment, the position that feels most comfortable for the client may not always be the most suitable for performing an abdominal assessment. The supine position with arms at their sides is the standard position for abdominal assessments due to its ease of access and optimal relaxation of abdominal muscles.

A. Type of diet B. Cultural considerations C. Gender D. History of onset

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Type of diet: While the type of diet may be relevant to the overall health and well-being of the older adult client, it may not directly contribute to understanding the change in mental status. While nutritional deficiencies or imbalances could potentially impact mental status, other factors are more immediately relevant to assessing the change in mental status.

B. Cultural considerations: Cultural considerations are important in providing holistic care to the older adult client, but they may not directly contribute to understanding the change in mental status. Cultural factors could influence communication styles, beliefs about health and illness, and preferences for care, but they may not be the primary focus when assessing a change in mental status.

C. Gender: Gender may have some relevance to the overall health and well-being of the older adult client, but it may not directly contribute to understanding the change in mental status. While certain gender-related factors, such as hormonal changes or gender-specific health conditions, could potentially impact mental health, they may not be the primary focus when assessing a change in mental status.

D. History of onset: This represents a critical thinking approach because understanding the history of onset of the change in mental status is essential for identifying potential causes and determining appropriate interventions. The timing and circumstances surrounding the onset of the change can provide valuable information about possible contributing factors, such as recent illnesses, medication changes, trauma, or environmental changes. By gathering information about the history of onset, the nurse can engage in critical thinking to formulate hypotheses, prioritize assessments, and develop a plan of care tailored to the client's needs.

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The nurse is caring for a client with a fluid volume deficit and hypovolemia. What actions can the nurse take without a physician's order?

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