A client with a deep vein thrombosis has been receiving warfarin sodium 2.5 mg PO daily. The client's International Normalized Ratio (INR) is 5.0. The nurse is aware that the medication dose needs to be:

increased.

given as prescribed.

cut in half.

held.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   An INR of 5.0 indicates that the blood is significantly thinner than the therapeutic range (typically 2.0 to 3.0 for DVT treatment). Increasing the dose of warfarin would further increase the risk of bleeding.
B.   Continuing with the prescribed dose of 2.5 mg is not appropriate at this time. The INR is above the safe therapeutic range, indicating a need for adjustment, not maintenance of the current dose.
C.   While reducing the dose may be necessary, cutting it in half may not adequately address the high INR. The more appropriate action would involve holding the dose or significantly adjusting it based on the INR and clinical guidelines.
D.   An INR of 5.0 is a critical value that suggests the client is at an increased risk of bleeding. The appropriate action in this case is to hold the warfarin dose and notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Depending on clinical protocols, the provider may recommend administering vitamin K to reverse the effects of warfarin, especially if there are signs of bleeding or if the INR is critically high.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Heparin does not actually "thin" the blood in the sense of reducing viscosity. Instead, it works by inhibiting certain factors in the coagulation cascade, preventing clot formation. Thus, this response does not accurately describe how heparin functions.

B. Heparin works by activating antithrombin III, which inhibits thrombin and factor Xa, thereby preventing the formation of new clots. It does not dissolve existing clots but helps to prevent the enlargement of existing ones and the formation of new clots.
C. Heparin does not decrease the number of platelets; rather, it interferes with the clotting process by inhibiting specific clotting factors. Platelets may still be present, but their ability to form clots is inhibited by the action of heparin.
D. Heparin does not dissolve existing clots; that function is typically performed by thrombolytic agents. Heparin primarily prevents new clot formation and the extension of existing clots. Additionally, it does not decrease platelet formation.

A. infectious agent and reservoir. B. portal of exit and mode of transmission. C. mode of transmission and portal of entry. D. susceptible host and infectious agent.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This option refers to the pathogens themselves (infectious agents) and the places where they live and multiply (reservoirs). Washing hands does not directly affect the relationship between these two.
B. The portal of exit refers to how an infectious agent leaves the reservoir (e.g., through feces, urine, etc.), and the mode of transmission refers to how the agent spreads (e.g., via hands, surfaces, etc.). Handwashing helps reduce the potential for pathogens to be transmitted but does not specifically break the chain between these two links.
C. Handwashing after using the bathroom effectively breaks the chain of infection by interrupting the mode of transmission (direct contact with contaminated hands) and preventing pathogens from entering another person's body (portal of entry). By cleaning hands, the risk of spreading infectious agents to others is significantly reduced.

D. This option refers to the relationship between a person who is vulnerable to infection (susceptible host) and the pathogens that cause disease (infectious agents). While handwashing helps prevent infections, it primarily acts on the transmission aspect rather than directly affecting susceptibility.

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A client with a deep vein thrombosis has been receiving warfarin sodium 2.5 mg PO daily. The client's International Normalized Ratio (INR) is 5.0. The nurse is aware that the medication dose needs to be:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis asks the nurse, "How does heparin work to help with my blood clot?" Which response is most accurate? "Heparin:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse recognizes that teaching a client to wash the hands after using the bathroom is an attempt to break the chain of infection between the:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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