A client with a family history of congenital heart diseases asks the nurse about ways to reduce the risk for their future children. What should the nurse advise?

A) Correct answer. Advanced maternal age and maternal obesity are among the known risk factors for congenital heart diseases. These factors may increase the likelihood of certain heart abnormalities during fetal development.

B) This option is incorrect. Exposure to common childhood illnesses during pregnancy is not a recognized risk factor for congenital heart diseases. The causes are primarily genetic and developmental in nature.

C) This option is incorrect. While genetic factors play a significant role in the development of congenital heart diseases, there are other recognized risk factors, such as maternal age and obesity.

D) This option is incorrect. There are known risk factors for congenital heart diseases, as mentioned in option A. While some cases may occur sporadically without identifiable risk factors, many cases have associated factors that can be addressed through prenatal care and management.

Questions

A) Incorrect. Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms and is not the appropriate action in this situation.

B) Incorrect. Deep breathing exercises may not alleviate the symptoms of shortness of breath and chest pain. The client should seek medical attention for proper evaluation and management.

C) Incorrect. While resting quietly is generally advisable, it may not be sufficient to address the client's symptoms. Seeking medical attention is essential to identify and manage the cause of the symptoms.

D) The answer is D. Shortness of breath and chest pain can be signs of a cardiac event or worsening of the congenital heart disease. The client should seek medical attention immediately to receive appropriate evaluation and treatment.