A client with BPH is experiencing urinary frequency and nocturia. The nurse should advise the client to limit fluid intake at which time of the day to reduce nighttime awakenings?

A. This is the correct answer. A digital rectal examination (DRE. is typically the first step in the diagnostic evaluation of BPH. During a DRE, the healthcare provider can assess the size, shape, and consistency of the prostate gland to identify any enlargement or abnormalities.

B. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA. test is used to screen for prostate cancer, not specifically for BPH. While elevated PSA levels can be seen in both conditions, the DRE is usually the initial step for BPH evaluation.

C. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is a diagnostic test used to assess the prostate gland's size and characteristics in more detail. It is often performed in conjunction with other tests, but it is not typically the initial step in the diagnostic evaluation of BPH.

D. A urinalysis is a general test used to assess the urine's appearance, specific gravity, and the presence of blood, proteins, and other substances. While it can provide information about kidney function and potential urinary tract infections, it is not specific to BPH.

A. Limiting fluid intake in the morning is not likely to be helpful in reducing nighttime awakenings caused by urinary frequency and nocturia.

B. Limiting fluid intake in the afternoon is not likely to be helpful in reducing nighttime awakenings caused by urinary frequency and nocturia.

C. This is the correct answer. Limiting fluid intake in the evening can help reduce the volume of urine produced during the night, thereby decreasing nocturia and nighttime awakenings.

D. Limiting fluid intake at night may cause dehydration and is not recommended. Instead, the client should focus on reducing evening fluid intake to minimize nighttime urine production.

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