A client with HIV/AIDS asks the nurse about biomedical interventions to reduce the risk of infection. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

"Male circumcision can increase the risk of HIV acquisition.”

"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is used before HIV exposure.”

"Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to increase viral replication.”

"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is used before HIV exposure.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: Male circumcision reduces HIV acquisition risk by ~60% in heterosexual men due to removal of foreskin mucosa, which is highly susceptible to viral entry.

Choice B rationale: PEP is initiated after potential HIV exposure, ideally within 72 hours, to block viral replication and prevent seroconversion.

Choice C rationale: ART suppresses viral replication, reducing viral load and transmission risk; it does not increase replication.

Choice D rationale: PrEP is taken before exposure by HIV-negative individuals to prevent infection; it is not a post-exposure intervention

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Abstinence from drug use is an ideal approach, but it may not be practical for individuals struggling with addiction. Harm reduction strategies aim to reduce the negative consequences of drug use while acknowledging that complete abstinence may not be immediately achievable for everyone.

Choice B rationale:

Needle exchange programs are effective harm reduction strategies for individuals who inject drugs. These programs provide clean needles and syringes, reducing the risk of HIV transmission through contaminated needles.

Choice C rationale:

Condom use during sexual intercourse is important for preventing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, this choice specifically asks about harm reduction strategies for individuals who inject drugs.

Choice D rationale:

Laws and policies to reduce stigma are essential for promoting understanding and compassion towards individuals living with HIV. However, this choice does not directly address harm reduction strategies for drug injection.

Choice E rationale:

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for sexual partners can be effective in preventing HIV transmission, but it is not directly related to harm reduction for individuals who inject drugs. PrEP is a preventive measure for those at risk of contracting HIV through sexual activity.

A. "HIV is a bacterial infection that can be treated with antibiotics.” B. "HIV attacks and destroys the cells responsible for my immune system.” C. "HIV can only be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse.” D. "I can rely on herbal remedies to cure HIV without taking medications.”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

HIV is not a bacterial infection but a viral infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. It cannot be treated with antibiotics, as antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is correct. HIV attacks and destroys the CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for maintaining the immune system. As the virus replicates and damages these cells, the body becomes more susceptible to infections and other illnesses.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is incorrect. HIV can be transmitted through various means, including unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, mother-to-child during childbirth or breastfeeding, and blood transfusions with infected blood.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect. There is no cure for HIV, and relying solely on herbal remedies without taking antiretroviral medications would be ineffective and dangerous. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for managing HIV and preventing its progression to AIDS.

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A client with HIV/AIDS asks the nurse about biomedical interventions to reduce the risk of infection. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing instructions on HIV prevention strategies. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include for harm reduction in individuals who inject drugs?

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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