A client with metastatic cancer reports a pain level of 10 on a scale of 0 to 10. Twenty minutes after the nurse administers an IV analgesic, the client reports no pain relief. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this client's plan of care?

Replace transdermal analgesic patches every 72 hours.

Administer analgesics on a fixed and continuous schedule.

Monitor client for break through pain.

Frequently evaluate the client's pain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. Breakthrough pain is a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs despite the use of around- the-clock analgesics for persistent pain. Breakthrough pain episodes require rapid intervention with additional analgesics or adjustments to the current pain management regimen to provide adequate pain relief and improve the client's quality of life.
A. Replacing transdermal analgesic patches every 72 hours is important for ensuring consistent delivery of medication, but it is not directly related to addressing breakthrough pain.
B. Administering analgesics on a fixed and continuous schedule is important for maintaining baseline pain control, but it may not address breakthrough pain adequately.
D. Frequently evaluating the client's pain is essential, but monitoring specifically for breakthrough pain ensures timely intervention when pain exacerbations occur.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Peptic ulcer disease involves the formation of open sores in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum. The characteristic symptom of PUD is abdominal pain, typically located in the upper mid abdomen. This pain is often described as gnawing, burning, or aching in nature. The pain may occur shortly after eating, especially when the stomach is empty (gastric ulcer), or it may occur 2-3 hours after eating, typically at night (duodenal ulcer).
A. describes symptoms more suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or gastrointestinal sensitivity to spicy foods, leading to cramps and diarrhea, but it is less specific to PUD.
B. indicates frequent use of antacids for indigestion, which may suggest symptoms of acid reflux or gastritis but do not specifically point to the presence of peptic ulcers.
D. suggests more severe systemic issues such as malignancy or chronic diseases rather than solely PUD.

A. Confirmation of the autoimmune disease process. B. Representative of a decline in the client's condition. C. Evidence of spread of the disease to the kidneys. D. Indication of the onset of joint degeneration.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody directed against the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG). In RA, it is an indication of the autoimmune nature of the disease, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, particularly the synovial membranes in the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and joint damage.
B. While the presence of an elevated serum rheumatoid factor is associated with the autoimmune process underlying RA, it does not necessarily correlate with disease severity or progression.
C. Rheumatoid factor has no correlation with renal involvement of RA
D. RA is an indicator of autoimmunity in the joint but not necessarily the onset of joint degeneration.

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A client with metastatic cancer reports a pain level of 10 on a scale of 0 to 10. Twenty minutes after the nurse administers an IV analgesic, the client reports no pain relief. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this client's plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is obtaining the admission history for a client with suspected peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which subjective data reported by the client supports this disease process?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with rheumatoid arthritis has an elevated serum rheumatoid factor. Which interpretation of this finding should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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