A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client's laboratory values for which electrolyte imbalance?

A. Uric acid stones may cause pain, but they do not typically present with costovertebral angle tenderness. Uric acid stones are more likely to be associated with gout and hyperuricemia.

B. Calcium oxalate stones are common and can cause pain, but they do not typically cause costovertebral angle tenderness. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.

C. This is the correct answer. Struvite stones, also known as infection stones, can cause severe pain that radiates to the back and lower abdomen. They are often associated with urinary tract infections, and the presence of an infection can lead to costovertebral angle tenderness.

D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain with tenderness.

A. Limiting fluid intake is not recommended to prevent kidney stones. Adequate hydration is essential to prevent stone formation. Dehydration can lead to a higher concentration of minerals in the urine, increasing the risk of stones.

B. Including more foods high in oxalate is not recommended to prevent kidney stones, especially if the client has a history of calcium oxalate stones. Limiting the intake of oxalate-rich foods is a preventive measure.

C. Avoiding all dairy products is not recommended to prevent kidney stones. In fact, adequate dietary calcium intake from food sources may help reduce the risk of certain types of stones, such as calcium oxalate stones.

D. This is the correct answer. Staying hydrated and drinking plenty of water throughout the day is one of the most effective ways to prevent kidney stones. Adequate hydration helps dilute urine and reduce the concentration of minerals that can lead to stone formation.

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