A client with septic shock develops disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which pathophysiologic process should the nurse recognize as the cause of the coagulation problem?

Activation of complement pathways.

Inhibition of red blood production.

Production of extra platelets.

Depletion of clotting factors.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Rationale

A. The complement system is part of the immune response and can be activated in various conditions, including sepsis. However, activation of complement pathways does not directly cause DIC. Instead, in septic shock, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor can trigger systemic coagulation activation, leading to DIC.

B. Inhibition of red blood cell production, such as in conditions like aplastic anemia or certain types of bone marrow disorders, does not directly cause DIC. DIC is primarily a disorder of excessive activation of clotting factors in response to underlying conditions like sepsis, trauma, or cancer.

C. Production of extra platelets, or thrombocytosis, is not the cause of DIC. Thrombocytosis can occur in response to various conditions, but DIC involves consumption of platelets due to widespread activation of clotting within the vasculature.

D. DIC is characterized by the widespread consumption and depletion of clotting factors and platelets as they are used up in the formation of microthrombi throughout the bloodstream. This depletion leads to an increased risk of bleeding due to insufficient clotting factors remaining to maintain hemostasis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale

A. This role oversees the neurology unit but may not be directly involved in ICU care coordination, which requires a focus on acute management and transition to rehabilitation.

B. Nurse case managers are skilled in coordinating care for patients with complex conditions, ensuring continuity of care, and facilitating communication among healthcare providers and the client's family.

C. While an NP may be involved in direct patient care, their role is more focused on clinical management rather than comprehensive care coordination across different disciplines.

D. This role deals with patient safety and risk reduction but is not primarily responsible for coordinating care for a specific patient's acute medical needs and rehabilitation planning.

A. Outreach for support group information. B. Domestic violence assistance. C. Blood pressure screening. D. Immunizations that are available.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale

A. While support groups are important for individuals dealing with chronic illnesses or specific health issues, they are not directly related to primary disease prevention. Support groups focus more on coping, emotional support, and managing existing conditions rather than preventing diseases.

B. Domestic violence assistance is crucial for community health and safety, but it is not typically categorized under primary disease prevention. Domestic violence is a social issue that requires interventions aimed at prevention and support for victims, rather than preventing diseases through health promotion and education.

C. Blood pressure screening is an example of a primary disease prevention activity. High blood pressure (hypertension) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. By screening individuals for hypertension, nurses can identify those at risk early and provide education on lifestyle modifications or medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.

D. Immunizations are a cornerstone of primary disease prevention. Vaccines prevent infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce immunity against specific pathogens. Community outreach programs that educate the public about immunizations help increase vaccination rates, thereby reducing the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the population.

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A client with septic shock develops disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which pathophysiologic process should the nurse recognize as the cause of the coagulation problem?

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