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A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is feeling diaphoretic, anxious, and hungry, unable to swallow or follow commands. The nurse noticed these symptoms occurred 45 minutes after an insulin injection. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing insulin toxicity. Which of the following medication should the nurse have available for this client?

A.

Regular insulin

B.

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

C.

Metformin (Glucophage)

D.

Glucagon (GlucaGen)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Regular insulin – This is incorrect. Regular insulin would exacerbate hypoglycemia since it lowers blood glucose levels. Administering insulin in this scenario would worsen the client's condition. 

B. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) – This is incorrect. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and has no role in treating hypoglycemia or insulin toxicity. 

C. Metformin (Glucophage) – This is incorrect. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent and is not suitable for immediate treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. 

D. Glucagon (GlucaGen) – This is correct. Glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver and is the treatment of choice for severe hypoglycemia in clients unable to swallow or follow commands. 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. "Complications of this medication include tardive dyskinesia and prolonged QT interval." This is correct. Metoclopramide (Reglan) can cause side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder, and may prolong the QT interval, which can increase the risk of arrhythmias.

B. "The IV form of this medication is used for control of postoperative and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, as well as facilitation of small bowel intubation and examination of the GI tract." This is correct. The IV form of metoclopramide is commonly used for these indications, particularly for nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy or surgery, as well as aiding in small bowel intubation.

C. "Complications of this medication include tardive dyskinesia and sedation." This is correct. In addition to tardive dyskinesia, metoclopramide can also cause sedation, making patients feel drowsy or lethargic.

D. "The oral form is used for diabetic gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying with gas and bloating) and management of GERD through its ability to increase gastric motility." This is correct. The oral form of metoclopramide is frequently used to treat diabetic gastroparesis by improving gastric emptying, as well as managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by enhancing motility.

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. Glucagon (Glucagen): Glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia and is not indicated for managing EPS or involuntary muscle spasms.

B. Metformin (Glucophage): Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to manage diabetes mellitus and is not relevant for treating EPS or involuntary muscle spasms.

C. Benztropine (Cogentin): Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as involuntary muscle spasms, caused by antipsychotic medications like prochlorperazine2.

D. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties that can also be used to manage EPS, including dystonic reactions2.

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