A nurse is caring for a client who is taking metformin (Glucophage) and is scheduled to undergo angiography using iodine-containing contrast dye. The nurse should identify that an interaction between metformin and the IV contrast dye increases the client's risk for which of the following conditions?
Hyperglycemia
Acute renal failure
Acute pancreatitis
Acute liver failure
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperglycemia: While metformin is used to manage blood glucose levels in clients with diabetes, its interaction with contrast dye does not directly lead to hyperglycemia. However, the risk for kidney injury, which can affect glucose regulation, is a concern.
B. Acute renal failure: This is correct. The combination of metformin and iodine-containing contrast dye increases the risk of acute renal failure, also known as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This occurs because contrast agents can cause kidney damage, and metformin is excreted by the kidneys. If renal function is impaired, the buildup of metformin can lead to lactic acidosis.
C. Acute pancreatitis: While acute pancreatitis is a possible side effect of metformin in some individuals, the primary concern with iodine-containing contrast dye is renal failure, not pancreatitis.
D. Acute liver failure: Metformin is primarily metabolized by the kidneys, not the liver, and does not commonly cause liver failure. Renal failure is the more pressing concern with the use of contrast dye in clients taking metformin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperglycemia: While metformin is used to manage blood glucose levels in clients with diabetes, its interaction with contrast dye does not directly lead to hyperglycemia. However, the risk for kidney injury, which can affect glucose regulation, is a concern.
B. Acute renal failure: This is correct. The combination of metformin and iodine-containing contrast dye increases the risk of acute renal failure, also known as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This occurs because contrast agents can cause kidney damage, and metformin is excreted by the kidneys. If renal function is impaired, the buildup of metformin can lead to lactic acidosis.
C. Acute pancreatitis: While acute pancreatitis is a possible side effect of metformin in some individuals, the primary concern with iodine-containing contrast dye is renal failure, not pancreatitis.
D. Acute liver failure: Metformin is primarily metabolized by the kidneys, not the liver, and does not commonly cause liver failure. Renal failure is the more pressing concern with the use of contrast dye in clients taking metformin.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Regular insulin – This is incorrect. Regular insulin would exacerbate hypoglycemia since it lowers blood glucose levels. Administering insulin in this scenario would worsen the client's condition.
B. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) – This is incorrect. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and has no role in treating hypoglycemia or insulin toxicity.
C. Metformin (Glucophage) – This is incorrect. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent and is not suitable for immediate treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
D. Glucagon (GlucaGen) – This is correct. Glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver and is the treatment of choice for severe hypoglycemia in clients unable to swallow or follow commands.
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