A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

Hematologic spread

Lymphatic circulation

Invasion

Angiogenesis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hematologic spread: Hematologic spread (through the bloodstream) is a common mechanism for metastasis to distant organs like bones and liver. This is the most likely mechanism for the spread described.

B. Lymphatic circulation: Lymphatic spread often leads to regional lymph nodes rather than distant organs like bones and liver.

C. Invasion: Invasion involves local spread into adjacent tissues but does not typically account for distant metastasis.

D. Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor, not the mechanism by which cancer cells spread to distant sites.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Assisting the client with meals: Assisting the client with meals is appropriate, as clients with dysphagia may need help to ensure safe swallowing and to avoid choking or aspiration.

B. Placing food on the affected side of the mouth: This is contraindicated because placing food on the affected side could increase the risk of choking or aspiration, as the client may not have adequate control over swallowing on the affected side.

C. Testing the gag reflex before offering food or fluids: Testing the gag reflex is appropriate for ensuring that the client has an intact protective reflex before eating or drinking, reducing the risk of aspiration.

D. Allowing ample time to eat: Allowing the client ample time to eat is important to prevent rushing, which could increase the risk of choking or aspiration. It ensures that the client can safely swallow their food.

A. "It will not produce sedation like benzodiazepines" B. "It produces anticonvulsant action to prevent convulsions." C. "It produces muscle relaxant effects to decrease back pain." D. "It provides you with a sleep additive to decrease insomnia."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "It will not produce sedation like benzodiazepines." Buspirone is a non-sedative anxiolytic, making it safer for long-term use compared to benzodiazepines, which can cause sedation and other CNS depressant effects. This is the best response as it directly addresses the patient's concern about safety.

B. "It produces anticonvulsant action to prevent convulsions." Buspirone does not have anticonvulsant properties, and this response does not address the patient’s question about safety compared to benzodiazepines.

C. "It produces muscle relaxant effects to decrease back pain." Buspirone does not have muscle relaxant effects, and this response does not directly answer the patient’s concern about the safety of the medication.

D. "It provides you with a sleep additive to decrease insomnia." Buspirone does not have significant sedative or hypnotic effects, making this response incorrect.

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A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client with dysphagia. Which intervention would be contraindicated while caring for this client?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient's medication regimen for treatment of anxiety has been changed from a benzodiazepine to buspirone (BuSpar). The patient asks the nurse what makes this medication safer than the benzodiazepine he has taken. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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