A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

Hematologic spread

Lymphatic circulation

Invasion

Angiogenesis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hematologic spread: Hematologic spread (through the bloodstream) is a common mechanism for metastasis to distant organs like bones and liver. This is the most likely mechanism for the spread described.

B. Lymphatic circulation: Lymphatic spread often leads to regional lymph nodes rather than distant organs like bones and liver.

C. Invasion: Invasion involves local spread into adjacent tissues but does not typically account for distant metastasis.

D. Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor, not the mechanism by which cancer cells spread to distant sites.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bradycardia: Alcohol withdrawal typically presents with tachycardia (increased heart rate), not bradycardia (decreased heart rate).

B. Hypotension: Alcohol withdrawal is more likely to cause elevated blood pressure rather than hypotension.

C. Elevated temperature: Elevated temperature is a common sign of alcohol withdrawal, which can be accompanied by other symptoms like tremors and agitation.

D. Slurred speech: Slurred speech is more associated with alcohol intoxication rather than withdrawal.

A. Agranulocytosis B. Birth defects C. Skin rash D. Liver damage

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Agranulocytosis: Carbamazepine carries a boxed warning for serious hematologic effects, including agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. Agranulocytosis is a significant drop in white blood cell count, leading to a high risk of infection.

B. Birth defects: While carbamazepine is associated with birth defects when taken during pregnancy, the boxed warning specifically highlights the risk of severe blood disorders like agranulocytosis.

C. Skin rash: Carbamazepine can cause serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, but the boxed warning focuses more on the hematologic risks.

D. Liver damage: Although carbamazepine can cause liver damage, this is not the primary focus of the boxed warning, which emphasizes hematologic effects.

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A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse suspects that a client is experiencing alcohol withdrawal based on assessment of which of the following?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Carbamazepine has a boxed warning for which adverse effect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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