A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

Hematologic spread

Lymphatic circulation

Invasion

Angiogenesis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hematologic spread: Hematologic spread (through the bloodstream) is a common mechanism for metastasis to distant organs like bones and liver. This is the most likely mechanism for the spread described.

B. Lymphatic circulation: Lymphatic spread often leads to regional lymph nodes rather than distant organs like bones and liver.

C. Invasion: Invasion involves local spread into adjacent tissues but does not typically account for distant metastasis.

D. Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor, not the mechanism by which cancer cells spread to distant sites.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Generalized pain: Generalized pain is not a typical early sign of deterioration following a hemorrhagic stroke.

B. Alteration in level of consciousness (LOC): An alteration in LOC is often the earliest and most sensitive sign of neurological deterioration in clients who have had a hemorrhagic stroke. This can indicate increased intracranial pressure or further bleeding.

C. Tonic-clonic seizures: While seizures can occur after a stroke, they are not typically the earliest sign of deterioration. Changes in LOC usually precede seizure activity.

D. Shortness of breath: Shortness of breath may indicate respiratory issues but is not directly related to early neurological deterioration following a stroke.

A. Diarrhea B. Pinpoint-sized pupils C. Weight gain D. Bulimia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Diarrhea: Opiates typically cause constipation, not diarrhea. Diarrhea is not a common finding with opiate use.

B. Pinpoint-sized pupils: Opiates commonly cause miosis, or pinpoint pupils. This is a classic sign of opiate use and is important for assessment.

C. Weight gain: Opiate use is not typically associated with weight gain; in fact, it can sometimes lead to decreased appetite and weight loss.

D. Bulimia: Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging. It is not a typical effect of opiate use.

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A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who had a hemorrhagic stroke. What assessment finding constitutes an early sign of deterioration?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following assessment findings is observed in a client with opiate use?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with complaints of xerostomia. The nurse should encourage the client to:

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