A clinic nurse is planning to teach a group of clients about laryngeal cancer.

The nurse should include which of the following risk factors associated with the development of laryngeal cancer? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale
Thinking critically is a fundamental skill in nursing. It involves the ability to question, analyze, and evaluate care processes and outcomes. Critical thinking allows nurses to make informed decisions, prioritize tasks, and solve problems efficiently and effectively, which ultimately leads to safe, quality, patient-centered care.
Choice B rationale
Evaluating outcomes at the start of the shift is not typically recommended. Instead, continuous evaluation throughout the shift is more beneficial. This allows for timely interventions and adjustments to the care plan as needed.
Choice C rationale
Communication is a vital aspect of patient-centered care. Effective communication ensures that all members of the healthcare team, including the patient, are informed about the patient’s care plan. This promotes collaboration, improves patient outcomes, and enhances patient satisfaction.
Choice D rationale
Planning and reporting outcomes are crucial components of the nursing process. They enable the tracking of progress, facilitate communication among healthcare providers, and ensure that care is aligned with the patient’s goals.
Choice E rationale
Evaluating outcomes at the end of the shift is important as it provides an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of interventions, make necessary adjustments to the care plan, and ensure continuity of care.

Choice A rationale
Viral pharyngitis can sometimes lead to serious complications such as peritonsillar abscess. Symptoms of this condition include drooling and inability to fully open the mouth. Therefore, patients should be advised to contact a healthcare provider immediately if they experience these symptoms.
Choice B rationale
Viral pharyngitis is contagious and can be spread through saliva. Therefore, patients should be advised to avoid sharing drinks or eating utensils with others to prevent the spread of the infection.
Choice C rationale
Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections, including viral pharyngitis. Therefore, taking prescribed antibiotics on time and not missing doses is not relevant in the context of viral pharyngitis.
Choice D rationale
Checking the body for skin rash twice daily is not typically necessary for patients with viral pharyngitis. While some viruses can cause a rash, it is not a common symptom of viral pharyngitis.
Choice E rationale
Drinking at least 2-3 liters of fluid per day unless contraindicated can help soothe a sore throat and prevent dehydration, which can occur if the patient has a fever or is not eating well due to the sore throat.