A common medication treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa/carbidopa combination medication. The nurse knows that this medication is used because which of the following neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Glutamate
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is decreased in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, is used to increase dopamine levels in the brain and alleviate symptoms.
B. Norepinephrine is involved in mood regulation and other functions, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.
C. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and appetite, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.
D. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, but its role is more related to other conditions like neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, rather than Parkinson's disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Attempt to determine what the client was looking for is the best response. In Alzheimer's disease, clients may exhibit wandering behavior and confusion, often seeking something familiar or trying to meet an unmet need. Understanding what the client was looking for can help address their needs and prevent further agitation.
B. Reprimanding the client for invading the other client's privacy is not appropriate. Clients with Alzheimer's disease may not be aware of the concept of privacy or the impact of their actions. Reprimanding can cause distress and confusion.
C. Explaining the client's Alzheimer's diagnosis to the frightened client may help provide understanding, but it does not address the immediate concern of calming the frightened client. The focus should be on managing the behavior in the moment.
D. Asking the client to apologize for his behavior is not appropriate, as the client may not have the cognitive ability to understand or remember the need to apologize. This could cause frustration and confusion.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Keep familiar personal items in the client's room is an effective strategy to help reduce confusion in clients with Alzheimer's disease. Familiar items can provide comfort and a sense of security, which can help orient the client and reduce agitation.
B. Hang abstract pictures on the walls is not recommended for clients with Alzheimer's disease, as abstract art may be confusing or difficult for them to interpret. Instead, simple and familiar images are more beneficial for orientation.
C. Encourage bright lighting in the room may cause discomfort or confusion for some individuals with Alzheimer's disease, especially if they are sensitive to light. Soft, ambient lighting is often more calming.
D. Keep the television on at all times may be overstimulating and contribute to confusion. It is better to create a calm and quiet environment to help the client focus and reduce agitation.
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