A common medication treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa/carbidopa combination medication. The nurse knows that this medication is used because which of the following neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson's disease?

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

Glutamate

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is decreased in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, is used to increase dopamine levels in the brain and alleviate symptoms.

B. Norepinephrine is involved in mood regulation and other functions, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.

C. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and appetite, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.

D. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, but its role is more related to other conditions like neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, rather than Parkinson's disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Shallow, even respirations may be a normal finding or indicate respiratory distress, but it is not a specific sign of increased ICP. It should still be monitored, but it is not the most concerning finding in this scenario.

B. Narrowing pulse pressure, which is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, is a sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). As ICP rises, the body compensates by increasing systolic blood pressure and decreasing diastolic pressure, leading to a narrowing pulse pressure. This is a critical sign that should be reported immediately to the RN.

C. Increased systolic blood pressure is a compensatory mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion when ICP increases. While it is concerning, it is not as immediately alarming as narrowing pulse pressure, which is a more direct indicator of increased ICP.

D. A pulse of 98 is within normal limits for most adults and does not indicate any immediate concern regarding increased ICP. It should be monitored, but it does not require urgent reporting to the RN.

A. Neck stiffness B. Pain in the neck C. Low back pain D. Shoulder pain E. Tingling in the arms

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Neck stiffness is a common symptom of a herniated cervical disc due to irritation of the surrounding tissues and nerve roots.

B. Pain in the neck is one of the hallmark symptoms of a cervical disc herniation, as the disc presses on the nerves in the cervical spine.

C. Low back pain is typically associated with lumbar disc herniation, not cervical disc herniation. A herniated cervical disc would more likely cause symptoms in the neck, shoulders, and arms.

D. Shoulder pain is a common symptom of a herniated cervical disc because the nerves that are compressed in the cervical spine also innervate the shoulders.

E. Tingling in the arms is a common symptom of a herniated cervical disc, as the disc can compress the nerves that supply sensation to the arms, leading to numbness and tingling.

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A common medication treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa/carbidopa combination medication. The nurse knows that this medication is used because which of the following neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson's disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The LPN/LVN is assisting the RN in providing care for a patient with a risk for increased ICP. What finding needs to be reported to the RN?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a herniated intervertebral cervical disc. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is difficult to arouse and very sleepy for several hours following a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use when documenting this finding in the medical record?

Which signs may be positive in the patient with meningitis?

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For the 0700 to 1500 shift, the patient drinks 240 mL of coffee, 60 mL of milk, and 120 mL of apple juice at breakfast. For lunch, the patient takes 8 oz of broth and drinks 10 oz of water for the shift. What is the total intake for the 0700 to 1500 shift?

A client has a herniated lumbar disk at L5. The nurse knows that which of the following symptoms needs to be immediately reported to the RN or physician?

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a lumbar herniated disc?

The nurse performs a visual assessment on a patient and documents the findings using the acronym PERRLA. Which assessment finding does PERRLA indicate?

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