A common medication treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa/carbidopa combination medication. The nurse knows that this medication is used because which of the following neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson's disease?

A. TIA stands for Transient Ischemic Attack, which is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain. Symptoms typically last for minutes to hours and resolve within 24 hours without causing permanent neurological damage.

B. CVA stands for Cerebrovascular Accident, which refers to a stroke. A CVA causes permanent neurological damage due to a lack of blood flow to the brain.

C. TPN stands for Total Parenteral Nutrition, which is a method of delivering nutrition intravenously to patients who cannot eat or absorb food normally. It is unrelated to cerebral circulation.

D. MI stands for Myocardial Infarction, which is a heart attack. It involves damage to the heart muscle due to a lack of blood flow but does not refer to cerebral circulation.

A. A concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) that typically results in a temporary loss of brain function. It is often caused by a blow to the head and may result in confusion, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. However, if concussions occur repeatedly, they can lead to long-term cognitive impairment and other serious conditions like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

B. A brainstem contusion is a more severe injury that affects the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. It is not classified as a mild injury.

C. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the brain and its outermost covering. It is a serious condition that can result from a traumatic brain injury and is not considered mild.

D. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater. It is often caused by a traumatic head injury and is considered a medical emergency, not a mild injury.