Which of the following responses indicates sympathetic nervous system activation?
Tachycardia, dilated pupils
Pupil constriction, bronchoconstriction
Increased peristalsis, abdominal cramping
Hypoglycemia, headache
The Correct Answer is A
A. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. This response includes tachycardia (increased heart rate) and dilated pupils (mydriasis), both of which are common physiological changes during sympathetic activation.
B. Pupil constriction and bronchoconstriction are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "rest and digest" functions.
C. Increased peristalsis and abdominal cramping are also associated with the parasympathetic nervous system, as it promotes digestion and relaxation of the body.
D. Hypoglycemia and headache are not direct indicators of sympathetic activation. Hypoglycemia can occur for various reasons, and headaches can be caused by multiple factors, but they are not specific signs of sympathetic nervous system activation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Shallow, even respirations may be a normal finding or indicate respiratory distress, but it is not a specific sign of increased ICP. It should still be monitored, but it is not the most concerning finding in this scenario.
B. Narrowing pulse pressure, which is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, is a sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). As ICP rises, the body compensates by increasing systolic blood pressure and decreasing diastolic pressure, leading to a narrowing pulse pressure. This is a critical sign that should be reported immediately to the RN.
C. Increased systolic blood pressure is a compensatory mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion when ICP increases. While it is concerning, it is not as immediately alarming as narrowing pulse pressure, which is a more direct indicator of increased ICP.
D. A pulse of 98 is within normal limits for most adults and does not indicate any immediate concern regarding increased ICP. It should be monitored, but it does not require urgent reporting to the RN.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Sleeping more during the day than nighttime is not a typical manifestation of primary dementia. While changes in sleep patterns can occur in individuals with dementia, the hallmark features are related to cognitive decline and memory loss, not excessive daytime sleep.
B. Forgetfulness gradually progressing to disorientation is a classic manifestation of primary dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This condition is characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and eventually, disorientation.
C. Temporary, reversible loss of brain function is not characteristic of primary dementia. Dementia is typically a progressive and irreversible decline in cognitive function, with symptoms worsening over time.
D. Hypervigilant behaviors are not typically associated with primary dementia. Instead, individuals with dementia may experience confusion, apathy, or withdrawal, but hypervigilance is more commonly associated with conditions such as anxiety or paranoia.
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