An elderly client presents to the emergency room with a family member. The family member reports that the elderly client has been vomiting and not eating or drinking for 2 days. This morning the elderly client became confused, which is new. The nurse knows the elderly client probably has which of the following?
Delirium
New onset Alzheimer's disease
New onset Huntington's disease
New onset Parkinson's disease
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delirium is an acute, temporary state of confusion, often caused by factors such as dehydration, infection, or metabolic disturbances. In this case, the elderly client’s confusion following vomiting and not eating or drinking for 2 days suggests that dehydration or an underlying illness is likely causing the delirium.
B. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative condition that leads to chronic memory loss and cognitive decline. It does not typically cause sudden confusion, as seen in this case.
C. Huntington's disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that causes motor dysfunction and cognitive decline. It does not present suddenly with confusion in an elderly client.
D. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects motor function, causing tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. It does not typically present with sudden confusion or the symptoms described in this case.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Isolation is not typically required for a patient receiving radiation unless there is a specific infection concern. Radiation does not require isolation.
B. While assessing pain is important, the priority at this point is to ensure that the patient understands the treatment process and what to expect, which can help reduce anxiety and improve cooperation during treatment.
C. Padding the bed rails is typically done for patients at risk of seizures or injury. While this might be relevant for some patients with brain tumors, the immediate priority is to educate the patient about the treatment.
D. Teaching the patient what to expect with radiation treatments is the priority. This helps reduce anxiety, ensures informed consent, and prepares the patient for the treatment process. Education about side effects, the procedure, and the expected outcomes is crucial for managing the patient’s experience.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) that typically results in a temporary loss of brain function. It is often caused by a blow to the head and may result in confusion, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. However, if concussions occur repeatedly, they can lead to long-term cognitive impairment and other serious conditions like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
B. A brainstem contusion is a more severe injury that affects the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. It is not classified as a mild injury.
C. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the brain and its outermost covering. It is a serious condition that can result from a traumatic brain injury and is not considered mild.
D. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater. It is often caused by a traumatic head injury and is considered a medical emergency, not a mild injury.
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