A patient is distressed to learn that a sibling is diagnosed with both neurologic and cognitive manifestations of Huntington disease. When the patient asks the nurse how to determine the incidence of the disease, which answer is most appropriate?

"All family members are now at risk for the disease."

"Only your children need to be tested for a genetic connection."

"If you are not diagnosed by age 20, you are considered safe."

"You definitely need to have genetic testing for the disease."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, meaning that if one parent has the gene, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting it. Therefore, all family members are at risk for the disease.

B. While genetic testing may be relevant for the patient’s children, it is not limited only to them. The patient and other family members are also at risk and may choose to be tested.

C. Huntington disease typically manifests between ages 30 and 50, and there is no age cutoff for determining risk. Early diagnosis may occur, but not being diagnosed by age 20 does not rule out the disease.

D. While genetic testing can confirm the presence of the gene, it is not the only way to determine risk. Family history and clinical symptoms are also key factors in understanding the risk for Huntington disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Sleeping more during the day than nighttime is not a typical manifestation of primary dementia. While changes in sleep patterns can occur in individuals with dementia, the hallmark features are related to cognitive decline and memory loss, not excessive daytime sleep.

B. Forgetfulness gradually progressing to disorientation is a classic manifestation of primary dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This condition is characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and eventually, disorientation.

C. Temporary, reversible loss of brain function is not characteristic of primary dementia. Dementia is typically a progressive and irreversible decline in cognitive function, with symptoms worsening over time.

D. Hypervigilant behaviors are not typically associated with primary dementia. Instead, individuals with dementia may experience confusion, apathy, or withdrawal, but hypervigilance is more commonly associated with conditions such as anxiety or paranoia.

A. Dysphasia B. Dysarthria C. Expressive aphasia D. Receptive aphasia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Dysphasia is a general term for difficulty with speech and language, which can involve problems with speaking, understanding, reading, or writing. It is not specific to the patient's response of raising an arm instead of sticking out the tongue.

B. Dysarthria refers to difficulty with the physical act of speaking due to weakness or incoordination of the muscles involved in speech. It does not involve comprehension or understanding of language.

C. Expressive aphasia refers to difficulty expressing thoughts verbally or in writing, but the patient typically understands language. This does not match the patient's response to the nurse's command.

D. Receptive aphasia is characterized by difficulty understanding spoken or written language. The patient may not comprehend the nurse's instructions, leading to inappropriate responses, such as raising an arm instead of sticking out the tongue.

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A patient is distressed to learn that a sibling is diagnosed with both neurologic and cognitive manifestations of Huntington disease. When the patient asks the nurse how to determine the incidence of the disease, which answer is most appropriate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has primary dementia. Which of the following manifestations of dementia should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with a stroke resulting in language disorder. Which type of disorder does the nurse recognize if the patient raises an arm in response to the nurse's direction to stick out his tongue?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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