A patient is distressed to learn that a sibling is diagnosed with both neurologic and cognitive manifestations of Huntington disease. When the patient asks the nurse how to determine the incidence of the disease, which answer is most appropriate?
"All family members are now at risk for the disease."
"Only your children need to be tested for a genetic connection."
"If you are not diagnosed by age 20, you are considered safe."
"You definitely need to have genetic testing for the disease."
The Correct Answer is A
A. Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, meaning that if one parent has the gene, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting it. Therefore, all family members are at risk for the disease.
B. While genetic testing may be relevant for the patient’s children, it is not limited only to them. The patient and other family members are also at risk and may choose to be tested.
C. Huntington disease typically manifests between ages 30 and 50, and there is no age cutoff for determining risk. Early diagnosis may occur, but not being diagnosed by age 20 does not rule out the disease.
D. While genetic testing can confirm the presence of the gene, it is not the only way to determine risk. Family history and clinical symptoms are also key factors in understanding the risk for Huntington disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A positive Romberg sign (difficulty maintaining balance with eyes closed) can indicate a neurological issue, but it is not directly associated with a migraine.
B. A subnormal temperature (low body temperature) is not typically associated with migraines and may indicate another issue, but it is not as concerning as other findings.
C. An ill college roommate might suggest a viral illness, but it is not a direct concern for the student’s migraine. Migraines are not contagious, and other signs of illness would be more concerning.
D. Positive Brudzinski sign, which involves involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed, is indicative of meningeal irritation, a sign of meningitis. This is a medical emergency and much more concerning than the symptoms of a migraine. The student should be further assessed for signs of meningitis, which requires urgent treatment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Limiting the client's physical activity is not recommended for clients with Parkinson's disease. Physical activity, including exercises to improve strength, balance, and flexibility, is essential to manage symptoms and maintain mobility.
B. Providing the client a cane is appropriate. A cane can help with balance and stability, especially as the client experiences motor symptoms such as rigidity and bradykinesia. It can reduce the risk of falls.
C. Offering the client 3 large meals a day is not ideal. Smaller, more frequent meals are recommended for clients with Parkinson's disease, as they may experience difficulty swallowing, digestion issues, or a reduced appetite.
D. Speaking loudly to the client is not necessary unless the client has difficulty hearing. It is more important to speak clearly and at a normal volume, as clients with Parkinson's disease may have issues with speech (e.g., soft or slurred speech).
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