What is considered a mild brain injury, unless the injury occurs repeatedly?

Concussion

Brainstem contusion

Subdural hematoma

Epidural hematoma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A concussion is considered a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) that typically results in a temporary loss of brain function. It is often caused by a blow to the head and may result in confusion, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. However, if concussions occur repeatedly, they can lead to long-term cognitive impairment and other serious conditions like chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

B. A brainstem contusion is a more severe injury that affects the brainstem, which controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. It is not classified as a mild injury.

C. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the brain and its outermost covering. It is a serious condition that can result from a traumatic brain injury and is not considered mild.

D. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater. It is often caused by a traumatic head injury and is considered a medical emergency, not a mild injury.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Bowel or bladder incontinence is a medical emergency and should be immediately reported. This symptom can indicate cauda equina syndrome, a condition caused by compression of the spinal nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord. This requires urgent surgical intervention to prevent permanent nerve damage.

B. Lower back pain is a common symptom of a herniated lumbar disk, but it is not an immediate emergency unless accompanied by other severe symptoms.

C. Muscle spasms are also common with a herniated disk and, while uncomfortable, are not immediately life-threatening.

D. Pain radiating down one leg (sciatica) is a typical symptom of a herniated lumbar disk and is often managed conservatively, unless it is severe or accompanied by other neurological deficits.

A. Radiating pain down the leg B. Headache C. Difficulty breathing D. Blurred vision

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A lumbar herniated disc commonly causes radiating pain down the leg, known as sciatica. This occurs when the herniated disc compresses a nerve root, often causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that radiates down the leg.

B. Headache is not a typical symptom of a lumbar herniated disc. Headaches are generally associated with conditions affecting the head or neck, not the lower back.

C. Difficulty breathing is not associated with a lumbar herniated disc. Breathing problems are typically related to respiratory or cardiac conditions, not issues with the spine.

D. Blurred vision is not a symptom of a lumbar herniated disc. Vision changes are more often related to eye or neurological issues affecting the brain, not the lower back.

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What is considered a mild brain injury, unless the injury occurs repeatedly?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has a herniated lumbar disk at L5. The nurse knows that which of the following symptoms needs to be immediately reported to the RN or physician?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a lumbar herniated disc?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A post myocardial infarction patient experiences atrial fibrillation is most at risk for which type of stroke?

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