A couple comes into the clinic for genetic counseling. Both parents are heterozygous for sickle cell trait. What is the chance each of their children will have sickle cell anemia?

50%

25%

75%

100%

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is b. 25%.

Choice A: 50%

If both parents are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait (carriers), each child has a 50% chance of inheriting one sickle cell gene from one parent and a normal gene from the other parent. This would make the child a carrier of the sickle cell trait, not someone with sickle cell anemia. Therefore, the chance of having sickle cell anemia is not 50%.

Choice B: 25%

When both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance that their child will inherit two sickle cell genes (one from each parent), resulting in sickle cell anemia. This is because each parent has one normal hemoglobin gene (A) and one sickle cell gene (S). The possible combinations for their children are AA (normal), AS (carrier), SA (carrier), and SS (sickle cell anemia). The probability of the SS combination is 25%.

Choice C: 75%

A 75% chance is not accurate in this scenario. The 75% figure might be mistakenly considered if one were to add the probabilities of being a carrier (50%) and having sickle cell anemia (25%). However, these probabilities are distinct and should not be combined in this manner.

Choice D: 100%

A 100% chance would imply that every child of the couple would have sickle cell anemia, which is not the case. Since each parent is a carrier, there is only a 25% chance for each child to have sickle cell anemia. The remaining 75% of the time, the child will either be a carrier or have normal hemoglobin.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Bacteriuria, or the presence of bacteria in the urine, is not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is primarily an inflammatory condition affecting the glomeruli of the kidneys, and it does not usually involve bacterial infection. Increased specific gravity can occur due to concentrated urine, but bacteriuria is not a characteristic finding.

Choice B reason:

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, and mild to moderate proteinuria are characteristic findings in acute glomerulonephritis. Hematuria occurs due to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, allowing red blood cells to pass into the urine. Proteinuria results from the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, allowing proteins to leak into the urine. These findings are key indicators of glomerular inflammation and damage.

Choice C reason:

While proteinuria can be present in acute glomerulonephritis, bacteriuria is not a typical finding. The condition is primarily inflammatory rather than infectious, so the presence of bacteria in the urine is not expected. The focus should be on the inflammatory markers such as hematuria and proteinuria.

Choice D reason:

High levels of proteinuria and decreased specific gravity are not typical findings in acute glomerulonephritis. While proteinuria can occur, it is usually mild to moderate rather than high. Specific gravity may be increased due to concentrated urine, but decreased specific gravity is not a characteristic finding of this condition.

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

Calculation Steps

Step 1: Determine the total urine output in mL.

Total urine output = 360 mL

Step 2: Determine the child’s weight in kg.

Weight = 15 kg

Step 3: Determine the time period in hours.

Time = 12 hours

Step 4: Calculate the urine output in mL/kg/hour.

Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = Total urine output ÷ (Weight × Time)

Step 5: Perform the multiplication inside the parentheses first.

Weight × Time = 15 kg × 12 hours = 180 kg·hours

Step 6: Perform the division.

Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = 360 mL ÷ 180 kg·hours = 2 mL/kg/hour

Result

The child’s urine output is 2 mL/kg/hour.

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A couple comes into the clinic for genetic counseling. Both parents are heterozygous for sickle cell trait. What is the chance each of their children will have sickle cell anemia?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 6-year-old child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse expect the urinalysis to show during the acute phase?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A 15 kg child has a urine output of 360 mL during the past 12 hours. Calculate the child’s urine output in mL/kg/hour for this period of time (Do not enter units).

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

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