Prompt management of hypothyroidism in infancy is necessary because:

Choice A reason:

Basketball, while a popular sport, involves a significant amount of physical contact and the risk of falls and injuries1. For children with hemophilia, engaging in contact sports can increase the risk of bleeding episodes and joint damage. Therefore, basketball is not the most recommended sport for children with hemophilia.

Choice B reason:

Swimming is highly recommended for children with hemophilia because it is a low-impact sport that provides excellent cardiovascular exercise without putting undue stress on the joints. The buoyancy of the water supports the body, reducing the risk of injuries and bleeding episodes. Swimming also helps improve muscle strength and flexibility, which can be beneficial for overall health and well-being.

Choice C reason:

Soccer, like basketball, involves a lot of running, physical contact, and the potential for falls and injuries. These factors make soccer a less suitable sport for children with hemophilia, as it can increase the risk of bleeding and joint damage. Therefore, soccer is not the most recommended sport for children with hemophilia.

Choice D reason:

Skating, whether roller skating or ice skating, carries a risk of falls and injuries. While it can be a fun and enjoyable activity, the potential for accidents makes it less suitable for children with hemophilia. The risk of bleeding episodes and joint damage is higher with activities that involve a significant risk of falls.

Choice A reason:

A low protein diet is not a therapeutic treatment for Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and functional obstruction. Dietary modifications, such as a low protein diet, do not address the underlying issue of the absence of nerve cells in the bowel. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice B reason:

Surgical removal of the affected section of the bowel is the primary treatment for Hirschsprung disease. This procedure, known as a pull-through surgery, involves removing the aganglionic segment of the colon and connecting the healthy part of the intestine to the anus. This surgery restores normal bowel function by allowing the passage of stool through the healthy, innervated portion of the intestine. The pull-through procedure can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, resulting in shorter recovery times and fewer complications.

Choice C reason:

A permanent colostomy is not typically the first-line treatment for Hirschsprung disease. While a temporary colostomy may be performed in some cases to allow the bowel to heal before a pull-through surgery, a permanent colostomy is usually reserved for more severe cases or when other surgical options are not feasible. The goal of treatment is to restore normal bowel function, and a permanent colostomy is generally considered a last resort.

Choice D reason:

Daily enemas are not a definitive treatment for Hirschsprung disease. While enemas may be used temporarily to relieve symptoms and manage bowel movements, they do not address the underlying cause of the condition. The absence of ganglion cells in the bowel requires surgical intervention to restore normal bowel function. Therefore, daily enemas are not a long-term solution for Hirschsprung disease.