A young child is diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. The nurse should know that this usually leads to:
Infarction of the renal vessels
Renal calculi
Urinary obstruction
Recurrent kidney infections
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is d) Recurrent kidney infections.
Choice A reason:
Infarction of the renal vessels is not a common consequence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Infarction refers to tissue death due to a lack of blood supply, which is not typically associated with VUR1. VUR primarily affects the urinary tract, leading to the backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys. This condition can cause other complications, but infarction of the renal vessels is not one of them.
Choice B reason:
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are not directly caused by vesicoureteral reflux. While VUR can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs), which may increase the risk of developing kidney stones, it is not the primary outcome. Kidney stones are typically formed due to an imbalance of minerals and salts in the urine, leading to crystallization. VUR itself does not directly cause the formation of renal calculi.
Choice C reason:
Urinary obstruction is not a typical result of vesicoureteral reflux. VUR involves the backward flow of urine, but it does not usually cause a physical blockage in the urinary tract. Urinary obstruction can occur due to other conditions, such as congenital abnormalities, tumors, or kidney stones, but it is not a direct consequence of VUR.
Choice D reason:
Recurrent kidney infections are a common complication of vesicoureteral reflux. The backward flow of urine can carry bacteria from the bladder into the kidneys, leading to repeated episodes of pyelonephritis (kidney infection). These recurrent infections can cause kidney damage over time if not properly managed. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and treat VUR to prevent recurrent kidney infections and preserve kidney function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
The correct answers are a) Use a straw to administer the medication, b) Give the medication with vitamin C, and c) It is best to give the medication with food.
Choice A reason:
Using a straw to administer ferrous sulfate is recommended to prevent staining of the teeth. Ferrous sulfate, especially in liquid form, can cause discoloration of the teeth if it comes into direct contact with them. By using a straw, the medication bypasses the teeth, reducing the risk of staining.
Choice B reason:
Giving ferrous sulfate with vitamin C is beneficial because vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) helps convert iron into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, administering ferrous sulfate with a source of vitamin C, such as orange juice, can improve its effectiveness.
Choice C reason:
It is best to give ferrous sulfate with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. While iron is best absorbed on an empty stomach, it can cause stomach upset, nausea, and constipation. Taking the medication with food can help mitigate these side effects, making it more tolerable for the child.
Choice D reason:
Giving ferrous sulfate with milk is not recommended. Dairy products, including milk, can interfere with the absorption of iron. Calcium in milk binds with iron, reducing its bioavailability and effectiveness. Therefore, it is best to avoid giving ferrous sulfate with milk or other dairy products.
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
The correct answer is a. Vomiting, c. Tachycardia.
Choice A: Vomiting
Vomiting is a common symptom of thyroid storm. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the thyroid gland releases a large amount of thyroid hormone in a short period. This sudden surge in thyroid hormone can cause severe metabolic disturbances, leading to symptoms such as vomiting. Vomiting can result from the body’s attempt to cope with the excessive thyroid hormone levels, which can affect the gastrointestinal system.
Choice B: Constipation
Constipation is not typically associated with thyroid storm. In fact, hyperthyroidism, including thyroid storm, usually causes an increase in bowel movements or diarrhea due to the accelerated metabolism. Constipation is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is underactive and slows down bodily functions.
Choice C: Tachycardia
Tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, is a hallmark symptom of thyroid storm. The excessive thyroid hormones increase the body’s metabolic rate, leading to an increased demand for oxygen and nutrients. To meet this demand, the heart rate increases significantly, often exceeding 140 beats per minute. This rapid heart rate can be dangerous and requires immediate medical attention.
Choice D: Hypotension
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not a typical symptom of thyroid storm. Instead, thyroid storm often causes hypertension (high blood pressure) due to the increased metabolic activity and the body’s heightened demand for oxygen and nutrients. The cardiovascular system responds by increasing blood pressure to ensure adequate blood flow to vital organs.
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