A young child is diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. The nurse should know that this usually leads to:
Infarction of the renal vessels
Renal calculi
Urinary obstruction
Recurrent kidney infections
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is d) Recurrent kidney infections.
Choice A reason:
Infarction of the renal vessels is not a common consequence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Infarction refers to tissue death due to a lack of blood supply, which is not typically associated with VUR1. VUR primarily affects the urinary tract, leading to the backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys. This condition can cause other complications, but infarction of the renal vessels is not one of them.
Choice B reason:
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are not directly caused by vesicoureteral reflux. While VUR can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs), which may increase the risk of developing kidney stones, it is not the primary outcome. Kidney stones are typically formed due to an imbalance of minerals and salts in the urine, leading to crystallization. VUR itself does not directly cause the formation of renal calculi.
Choice C reason:
Urinary obstruction is not a typical result of vesicoureteral reflux. VUR involves the backward flow of urine, but it does not usually cause a physical blockage in the urinary tract. Urinary obstruction can occur due to other conditions, such as congenital abnormalities, tumors, or kidney stones, but it is not a direct consequence of VUR.
Choice D reason:
Recurrent kidney infections are a common complication of vesicoureteral reflux. The backward flow of urine can carry bacteria from the bladder into the kidneys, leading to repeated episodes of pyelonephritis (kidney infection). These recurrent infections can cause kidney damage over time if not properly managed. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and treat VUR to prevent recurrent kidney infections and preserve kidney function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["2"]
Explanation
Calculation Steps
Step 1: Determine the total urine output in mL.
- Total urine output = 360 mL
Step 2: Determine the child’s weight in kg.
- Weight = 15 kg
Step 3: Determine the time period in hours.
- Time = 12 hours
Step 4: Calculate the urine output in mL/kg/hour.
- Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = Total urine output ÷ (Weight × Time)
Step 5: Perform the multiplication inside the parentheses first.
- Weight × Time = 15 kg × 12 hours = 180 kg·hours
Step 6: Perform the division.
- Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = 360 mL ÷ 180 kg·hours = 2 mL/kg/hour
Result
The child’s urine output is 2 mL/kg/hour.
Correct Answer is ["A"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A specific gravity of 1.010 indicates that the child’s urine is adequately diluted, suggesting proper hydration. Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030. A value of 1.010 falls within this range and indicates that the kidneys are functioning well and the child is not dehydrated.
Choice B reason:
Moist mucous membranes are a sign of adequate hydration. When a child is well-hydrated, the mucous membranes in the mouth and other areas remain moist. This is a positive indicator that oral rehydration therapy has been effective in restoring the child’s fluid balance.
Choice C reason:
Capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds is another indicator of proper hydration and good peripheral perfusion. This means that the blood is circulating well throughout the body, and the tissues are receiving adequate oxygen and nutrients. A capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds is considered normal and suggests effective rehydration.
Choice D reason:
A sunken anterior fontanelle is a sign of dehydration in infants. When the fontanelle is sunken, it indicates that the child has lost a significant amount of fluid. Therefore, this finding does not indicate that oral rehydration therapy has been effective. Instead, it suggests that the child may still be dehydrated.
Choice E reason:
A heart rate of 146/min is elevated for an 8-month-old child1. Normal heart rates for infants range from 80 to 160 beats per minute. While this heart rate is within the upper limit of normal, it can also be a sign of dehydration or other stressors. Therefore, it is not a definitive indicator of effective rehydration therapy.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today