A family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their adult child who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms the suspicion?

Exhibits angry outbursts when the subject of dying is approached.

Increased intervals of sleep 18 out of 24 hours.

A change has recently occurred in handwriting.

Refuses to see friends or to return their phone calls.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. One of the hallmark features of ADC is the development of cognitive impairment, including changes in memory, concentration, and problem-solving abilities. The change in handwriting (graphomotor impairment) is a specific neurological symptom that may indicate cognitive dysfunction and is consistent with the diagnosis of AIDS dementia.
A. This symptom suggests emotional distress or mood disturbances, which can occur in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to the psychological impact of the diagnosis and the uncertainty surrounding the disease progression. However, it is not specific to AIDS dementia
B. Increased sleepiness or hypersomnia can occur in individuals with AIDS dementia due to disruptions in sleep-wake cycles and alterations in brain function. However, increased sleepiness alone is not specific to AIDS dementia
D. Social withdrawal or isolation can occur in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to various reasons, including stigma, depression, or physical symptoms. However, it is not specific to AIDS dementia.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This choice involves culturing a sputum sample collected from the patient to identify the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. A positive result confirms the diagnosis of TB.
B. Hemoccult tests are used to detect hidden (occult) blood in stool samples. While hemoptysis (coughing up blood) can be a symptom of TB, a hemoccult test is not specific for TB diagnosis. It is more commonly used in detecting gastrointestinal bleeding.
C. Imaging studies like chest x-ray or CT scans can reveal abnormalities in the lungs suggestive of TB, such as infiltrates, cavitations, or lymph node enlargement. While these tests can support the diagnosis, they are not definitive on their own.
D. The PPD skin test is a common screening tool for TB exposure. It detects the presence of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to proteins derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A positive PPD indicates exposure to TB but does not confirm active disease.

A. Exercise planning B. Short acting insulin C. Weight reduction treatment D. Oral antidiabetic E. Extra carbohydrates F. Long acting insulin G. Nutrition education

Correct Answer is ["A","C","G"]

Explanation

A. Regular physical activity is a cornerstone of prediabetes management. Exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity, promotes weight loss, and reduces the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.
C. Weight reduction is an essential component of prediabetes management, especially for individuals who are overweight or obese. Losing as little as 5-10% of body weight can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
G. Nutrition education: Nutrition education is a crucial component of prediabetes management. Providing education on healthy eating habits, portion control, carbohydrate counting, and making nutritious food choices can empower individuals with prediabetes to make positive dietary changes that support blood sugar control and overall health.
B. Short-acting insulin is not typically used in the treatment of prediabetes. Insulin therapy is usually reserved for individuals with type 1 diabetes or advanced type 2 diabetes who cannot adequately control blood sugar levels with oral medications or lifestyle interventions.
D. While oral antidiabetic medications may be prescribed for individuals with type 2 diabetes, they are not typically used as first-line therapy for prediabetes. Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, are usually the primary approach for managing prediabetes.
E. Individuals with prediabetes should generally aim to moderate their carbohydrate intake, particularly refined carbohydrates and added sugars, to help improve blood sugar control and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
F. Similar to short-acting insulin, long-acting insulin is not typically used in the treatment of prediabetes. Insulin therapy is generally reserved for individuals with type 1 diabetes or advanced type 2 diabetes who require insulin to control blood sugar levels.

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A family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their adult child who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms the suspicion?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is admitting a client with possible tuberculosis (TB). The client is placed in a private room with airborne precautions pending diagnostic test results. Which diagnostic test should the nurse review to confirm the diagnosis of TB?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Review Hand P and laboratory results Exhibits What item(s) should be included in the treatment regimen for this client? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","G"]

Explanation

Five months following treatment for herpes zoster, an older adult client tells the home health nurse of continuing to experience pain where the rash occurred. Which action should the nurse implement?

The healthcare provider prescribes regular insulin 10 units/hr IV. The IV solution contains 100 units of regular insulin in 100 mL of 0.9% normal saline. How many mL/hr should the nurse program the infusion pump? (Enter numerical value only.)

A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus arrives to the clinic reporting episodes of weakness and palpitations. Which finding is most important for the nurse to monitor?

A client with a cervical spinal injury (C7) is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. The nurse should first assess the client for which precipitating factor?

While caring for a client with full thickness burns covering 40% of the body, the nurse observes purulent drainage from the wounds. Before reporting this finding to the healthcare provider, the nurse should evaluate which laboratory value?

A client presents with the onset of a severe headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, and a petechial rash on arms and legs. The nurse recognizes the client is exhibiting symptoms of which condition?

Patient Data Exhibits Review H and P, nurse's note, and laboratory results. What other nutritional recommendation(s) would be helpful for this client in reducing risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.