A group of nurses is reviewing the cardiovascular system and its function. Which statement by one of the nurses demonstrates an understanding of a child’s cardiovascular system?

“At birth, the infant’s right and left ventricle are about the same size.”

“The child’s heart doesn’t mature and function like an adult’s until between 8 and 10 years of age.”

“The heart rate of the child decreases whenever the child experiences a fever.”

“Between the ages of 5 and 6, the child’s left ventricle grows to about two times the size of the right.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: At birth, the infant’s right and left ventricles are nearly equal in size due to fetal circulation demands. This aligns with pediatric cardiology, making it the correct statement demonstrating understanding of the newborn’s cardiovascular system as discussed in the nurses’ review session.

Choice B reason: The heart matures earlier, with adult-like function by early childhood, not 8-10 years. Equal ventricle size at birth is accurate, making this incorrect, as it overestimates the timeline for cardiovascular maturation in the nurse’s understanding of the child’s heart development.

Choice C reason: Heart rate typically increases with fever in children, not decreases, due to metabolic demands. Equal ventricle size at birth is correct, making this inaccurate and incorrect compared to the true statement about the infant’s cardiovascular system in the nurses’ review.

Choice D reason: The left ventricle grows slightly larger but not twice the right’s size by 5-6 years. Equal ventricles at birth is accurate, making this incorrect, as it exaggerates ventricular growth in the nurse’s understanding of the child’s cardiovascular system development.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Stating vegetarian diets are unhealthy and teens are too immature dismisses the viability of well-planned vegetarianism, which can meet nutritional needs. Emphasizing diverse plant-based foods ensures balanced nutrition, making this overly restrictive and incorrect for addressing the parent’s concern about the adolescent’s vegetarian diet.

Choice B reason: Requiring lacto-ovo vegetarianism assumes eggs and dairy are essential, but vegan diets with soy substitutes can suffice. Recommending whole grains, legumes, and nuts addresses broader nutrient needs, making this less inclusive and incorrect compared to supporting a flexible, balanced vegetarian diet for the teen.

Choice C reason: Vegetarian diets, when including whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and soy substitutes, provide adequate protein, vitamins, and minerals for teens. This response reassures the parent while offering practical guidance, aligning with pediatric nutrition guidelines, making it the prioritized choice for ensuring proper nutrition on a vegetarian diet.

Choice D reason: Suggesting protein drinks and megavitamins implies vegetarian diets are inherently deficient, which is unnecessary with proper food choices. Whole grains and legumes meet nutritional needs naturally, making this overly reliant on supplements and incorrect compared to promoting a balanced vegetarian diet for the adolescent.

A. “Are you breastfeeding or bottle feeding your baby?” B. “Did you have a vaginal delivery with this baby?” C. “Has your child been treated for any type of infection recently?” D. “Does everyone in your house wash their hands often?”

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Breastfeeding or bottle feeding does not directly relate to a white coating resembling milk curds, which suggests oral thrush. Recent infections or antibiotic use are more relevant to thrush’s etiology, making this less critical and incorrect for the most important question to ask the caregiver.

Choice B reason: Vaginal delivery may increase thrush risk from maternal candida, but it is less immediate than recent infections or antibiotics, which directly predispose to oral thrush. This question is less relevant, making it incorrect compared to assessing recent infection history for the coating’s cause.

Choice C reason: A white coating resembling milk curds suggests oral thrush, often linked to recent antibiotic use or infections disrupting oral flora. Asking about recent infections identifies potential causes, aligning with pediatric infectious disease protocols, making it the most important question for assessing the child’s condition.

Choice D reason: Handwashing is relevant for infection prevention but does not directly address the cause of a white coating like thrush. Recent infections or antibiotics are more pertinent to the etiology, making this less critical and incorrect for the primary question to investigate the oral finding.

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A group of nurses is reviewing the cardiovascular system and its function. Which statement by one of the nurses demonstrates an understanding of a child’s cardiovascular system?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The parent of an adolescent has called to talk to the pediatric nurse over concern that her daughter is not getting proper nutrition now that she has started following a vegetarian diet. Which response should the nurse prioritize for this parent?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is collecting data on a 4-month-old child brought to the clinic by the caregiver. The nurse observes the child’s mouth and notes a white coating that looks like milk curds. Which of the following questions would be most important for the nurse to ask the caregiver?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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