A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action?

Administration of broad spectrum antibiotics

Administration of drugs that decrease airway inflammation

Avoidance of the causative agent

Administration of drugs that reduce bronchospasm

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are not a primary treatment for asthma, as asthma is an inflammatory condition and not primarily caused by bacterial infections. Antibiotics may be used for coexisting infections but are not the most successful initial treatment for chronic asthma.

B. Administration of drugs that decrease airway inflammation: While decreasing airway inflammation is important in managing asthma, the most successful long-term treatment begins with addressing the underlying causes and triggers. Reducing inflammation is part of the treatment strategy but is not the first action.

C. Avoidance of the causative agent: Avoiding the causative agent or trigger of asthma is the most successful initial treatment. Identifying and eliminating exposure to allergens or irritants, such as pollen, smoke, or pet dander, can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, making it the foundational step in asthma management.

D. Administration of drugs that reduce bronchospasm: Medications that reduce bronchospasm, such as bronchodilators, are essential for immediate relief of asthma symptoms. However, they do not address the underlying inflammation and triggers, making avoidance of causative agents the most successful initial treatment for chronic asthma.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pus in the pleural space: This describes empyema, a condition in which infection leads to pus accumulation in the pleural space. Empyema is commonly associated with bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, or thoracic surgery and requires drainage and antibiotic therapy. It does not cause the lung collapse seen in pneumothorax.

B. Collapse of small airways: While airway collapse can occur in conditions like bronchiolitis or atelectasis, it is not the defining feature of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax specifically involves air leaking into the pleural space, which disrupts the negative pressure necessary for lung expansion and results in partial or complete lung collapse.

C. Blood in the chest cavity: This describes hemothorax, a condition in which blood accumulates in the pleural space due to trauma, ruptured blood vessels, or certain medical conditions. Unlike pneumothorax, which involves air in the pleural space, hemothorax requires different management, including drainage with a chest tube and possible fluid resuscitation.

D. Air in the pleural space: Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space, causing a loss of negative pressure and leading to lung collapse. This can result from chest trauma, spontaneous rupture of alveoli, underlying lung disease, or mechanical ventilation. Symptoms may include sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and decreased breath sounds on the affected side.

A. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima B. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall C. It increases nitric oxide D. It obstructs the vessel

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima: While atherosclerosis can affect the intima (the inner layer of the blood vessel), it primarily leads to plaque formation and vessel wall changes rather than causing ischemia directly in the intima. Ischemia typically refers to reduced blood supply to tissues.

B. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall: Atherosclerosis leads to the formation of plaques that can erode and weaken the vessel wall over time. This weakening can create areas of localized dilation, leading to the development of aneurysms. The disruption of the structural integrity of the vessel wall due to atherosclerosis is a key factor in the formation of aneurysms.

C. It increases nitric oxide: Atherosclerosis is associated with impaired endothelial function, which typically results in reduced production of nitric oxide rather than an increase. Nitric oxide is a vasodilator that helps maintain vascular health, and its decrease contributes to vascular dysfunction.

D. It obstructs the vessel: While atherosclerosis can lead to vascular obstruction through plaque buildup, the direct relationship between atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation is more about the weakening and erosion of the vessel wall rather than simply obstructing it. Obstruction can lead to ischemia, but it is not the primary mechanism leading to aneurysm development.

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A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is diagnosed with a pneumothorax and asks you to explain this condition. What will you say that is most accurate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Thinking about aneurysms and atherosclerosis, what effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action?