This event causes irreversible damage to the heart muscle:
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial stunning
Stable angina
Unstable angina
The Correct Answer is A
A. Myocardial infarction: Myocardial infarction involves the irreversible damage to the heart muscle due to prolonged ischemia, typically resulting from the occlusion of a coronary artery. The lack of oxygen and nutrients leads to cell death in the affected area of the heart, causing permanent damage.
B. Myocardial stunning: Myocardial stunning refers to a temporary reduction in the heart's function following reperfusion after a period of ischemia. The heart muscle may regain function over time, and this condition does not cause irreversible damage.
C. Stable angina: Stable angina is characterized by transient chest pain due to reversible ischemia, usually triggered by physical exertion or stress. The ischemic episodes do not lead to irreversible damage to the heart muscle, as blood flow is restored when the trigger is removed.
D. Unstable angina: Unstable angina involves episodes of chest pain that occur at rest or with minimal exertion and may signal an impending myocardial infarction. While it indicates a high risk of myocardial infarction, it does not cause irreversible damage to the heart muscle itself unless it progresses to an infarction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","F"]
Explanation
A. Fever: Fever is a common sign of pericarditis, often indicating inflammation or infection in the pericardial sac. This symptom is typical in patients with this condition.
B. Mild chest pain: Mild chest pain is a typical symptom of pericarditis. Patients often experience sharp, pleuritic chest pain that may worsen with inspiration or coughing.
C. No evidence of fatigue: Fatigue can be a common symptom in patients with pericarditis due to the body's response to inflammation. Therefore, the absence of fatigue is not typical, making this an appropriate choice.
D. Myalgias: Myalgias or muscle aches can occur in pericarditis as part of the systemic inflammatory response. This symptom is not unusual in patients with this condition.
E. Pericardial friction rub: A pericardial friction rub is a characteristic finding in pericarditis, heard during auscultation. It results from the movement of inflamed pericardial layers against each other.
F. Radiating substernal pain felt in the left shoulder: This type of radiating pain is more characteristic of myocardial ischemia or angina rather than pericarditis. While pericarditis can cause chest pain, it does not typically radiate in the same manner as that seen in cardiac conditions, making this an appropriate choice.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Obtaining a STAT electrocardiogram: While obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) can be important in evaluating a patient's cardiac status, it is not the highest priority in the context of suspected AAA rupture. Immediate management focuses on stabilizing the patient and addressing potential hemorrhagic shock.
B. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter: Inserting a urinary catheter may be necessary for monitoring urine output, but it is not the immediate priority when managing a suspected AAA rupture. The focus should be on life-threatening conditions first.
C. Increasing cardiac contractility: Increasing cardiac contractility may be relevant in some clinical situations, but it does not directly address the urgent need to maintain hemodynamic stability and prevent shock in a patient with suspected AAA rupture.
D. Maintaining blood pressure: Maintaining blood pressure is the highest priority intervention in this scenario. Patients with a suspected AAA rupture are at high risk for hypovolemic shock due to internal bleeding. Ensuring adequate blood pressure is critical to perfusing vital organs and stabilizing the patient before surgical intervention.
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