This event causes irreversible damage to the heart muscle:

Myocardial infarction

Myocardial stunning

Stable angina

Unstable angina

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Myocardial infarction: Myocardial infarction involves the irreversible damage to the heart muscle due to prolonged ischemia, typically resulting from the occlusion of a coronary artery. The lack of oxygen and nutrients leads to cell death in the affected area of the heart, causing permanent damage.

B. Myocardial stunning: Myocardial stunning refers to a temporary reduction in the heart's function following reperfusion after a period of ischemia. The heart muscle may regain function over time, and this condition does not cause irreversible damage.

C. Stable angina: Stable angina is characterized by transient chest pain due to reversible ischemia, usually triggered by physical exertion or stress. The ischemic episodes do not lead to irreversible damage to the heart muscle, as blood flow is restored when the trigger is removed.

D. Unstable angina: Unstable angina involves episodes of chest pain that occur at rest or with minimal exertion and may signal an impending myocardial infarction. While it indicates a high risk of myocardial infarction, it does not cause irreversible damage to the heart muscle itself unless it progresses to an infarction.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Pneumonia: Pneumonia is a common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is associated with significant inflammation and alveolar damage. Assessing for pneumonia is a priority as it can exacerbate ARDS and lead to further respiratory compromise. Early identification and treatment of pneumonia can significantly improve the patient's outcome.

B. Heart failure: While heart failure can contribute to respiratory distress, ARDS is primarily a non-cardiogenic condition. Assessing for heart failure is important, but pneumonia is more directly linked to the development of ARDS and should be prioritized.

C. Pulmonary emboli: Although pulmonary embolism can cause acute respiratory distress, it is not the primary concern when dealing with ARDS. Assessing for embolism is important, but pneumonia is a more common and immediate concern in the context of ARDS.

D. Acute pulmonary edema: Acute pulmonary edema is usually associated with cardiac issues and is not the underlying cause of ARDS. While monitoring for pulmonary edema is necessary, pneumonia is the more relevant condition to assess in a patient diagnosed with ARDS.

A. Bradycardia B. Pleural pain C. Cough D. Fever

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, is not a typical clinical manifestation of pleural effusion with empyema. In fact, fever and infection usually lead to tachycardia (an increased heart rate) as the body attempts to respond to infection.

B. Pleural pain: Pleural pain is a common symptom associated with pleural effusion and empyema, resulting from irritation of the pleura due to inflammation or infection.

C. Cough: A cough can occur with pleural effusion and empyema, often as a response to irritation or pressure in the thoracic cavity. It may also be associated with underlying lung conditions contributing to the effusion.

D. Fever: Fever is a typical clinical manifestation of empyema, indicating an infectious process. The presence of infection in the pleural space often results in systemic signs of infection, such as fever.

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This event causes irreversible damage to the heart muscle:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has been diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For what other health condition should the healthcare professional assess this patient for as the priority?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient has pleural effusion with empyema. The following are clinical manifestations except:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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