What are the most common complications of myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply)
(Select All that Apply.)
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Sudden death
Dysrhythmias
Congestive hearts failure
Correct Answer : B,C,D
A. Percutaneous coronary intervention: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a treatment used to open blocked coronary arteries during a myocardial infarction but is not a complication of the event itself. It is a therapeutic procedure aimed at restoring blood flow and is not a direct consequence of myocardial infarction.
B. Sudden death: Sudden death can occur as a complication of myocardial infarction due to severe dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest resulting from electrical instability in the heart. This complication is critical and can occur shortly after the onset of an MI or during recovery.
C. Dysrhythmias: Dysrhythmias are common complications following myocardial infarction, often arising from ischemic damage to the heart muscle, which disrupts the normal electrical conduction pathways. These irregular heartbeats can range from benign to life-threatening.
D. Congestive heart failure: Congestive heart failure can develop as a complication of myocardial infarction due to the loss of functional cardiac muscle, resulting in decreased cardiac output and the heart's inability to pump effectively. This complication can develop acutely or progressively over time following an MI.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia that develops 48 hours or more after hospital admission is classified as hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). It is caused by pathogens acquired in the hospital setting, often involving multidrug-resistant organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patients who are intubated, have prolonged hospital stays, or have weakened immune defenses are at higher risk.
B. Immunocompromised pneumonia: Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients occurs due to weakened host defenses, such as in individuals with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing chemotherapy, or transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy. While these patients can develop HAP, pneumonia due to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jirovecii or fungal infections is categorized separately.
C. Community-acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia acquired outside the hospital or within the first 48 hours of admission is classified as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Typical pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. CAP is usually less resistant to antibiotics compared to HAP.
D. Viral pneumonia: Pneumonia caused by viral pathogens such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or SARS-CoV-2 is classified based on the causative agent rather than the setting in which it was acquired. Although viruses can cause both CAP and HAP, the classification of pneumonia is determined by the timing of onset and exposure risks.
Correct Answer is ["C","F"]
Explanation
A. Fever: Fever is a common sign of pericarditis, often indicating inflammation or infection in the pericardial sac. This symptom is typical in patients with this condition.
B. Mild chest pain: Mild chest pain is a typical symptom of pericarditis. Patients often experience sharp, pleuritic chest pain that may worsen with inspiration or coughing.
C. No evidence of fatigue: Fatigue can be a common symptom in patients with pericarditis due to the body's response to inflammation. Therefore, the absence of fatigue is not typical, making this an appropriate choice.
D. Myalgias: Myalgias or muscle aches can occur in pericarditis as part of the systemic inflammatory response. This symptom is not unusual in patients with this condition.
E. Pericardial friction rub: A pericardial friction rub is a characteristic finding in pericarditis, heard during auscultation. It results from the movement of inflamed pericardial layers against each other.
F. Radiating substernal pain felt in the left shoulder: This type of radiating pain is more characteristic of myocardial ischemia or angina rather than pericarditis. While pericarditis can cause chest pain, it does not typically radiate in the same manner as that seen in cardiac conditions, making this an appropriate choice.
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