A home care nurse is visiting a client with asthma who suddenly experiences an acute asthma attack. Which drug should the nurse prepare to administer?

Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)

Montelukast (Singulair)

Albuterol (Proventil)

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)

Tiotropium bromide is a long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator used for maintenance therapy in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not indicated for the immediate relief of acute asthma symptoms.

B. Montelukast (Singulair)

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for maintenance therapy in asthma. It is not a rescue medication and does not provide immediate relief during an acute asthma attack.

C. Albuterol (Proventil)

In the case of an acute asthma attack, the nurse should prepare to administer a short-acting bronchodilator. Albuterol (Proventil) is a short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator that provides rapid relief of bronchoconstriction and acute symptoms during an asthma attack.

D. Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent used to help loosen and thin mucus in the airways. It is not indicated for the immediate relief of bronchoconstriction during an acute asthma attack.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Is a first-line drug currently to treat COPD

Methylxanthines are not considered first-line drugs for the treatment of COPD. They are often reserved for use when other bronchodilators (such as beta-agonists and anticholinergics) are not effective or well-tolerated.

B. Is considered toxic if theophylline levels are between 5-15 mcg/mL

The therapeutic range for theophylline levels is generally considered to be lower, typically 5-15 mcg/mL. However, toxicity can occur at levels above the therapeutic range, and symptoms can vary between individuals.

C. Has fewer major side effects than beta-agonists and glucocorticoids

Methylxanthines can have side effects, and their use is associated with a risk of toxicity. Beta-agonists and glucocorticoids are often preferred as first-line treatments due to their efficacy and a more favorable side effect profile.

D. Has the potential to cause central nervous system side effects, especially if levels are elevated

Methylxanthines, such as theophylline, are bronchodilators that can be used in the treatment of respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, they have a narrow therapeutic window, and elevated levels can lead to toxicity. Central nervous system side effects, such as restlessness, insomnia, and seizures, can occur with elevated theophylline levels.

A. because many chemotherapy patients require blood transfusions B. because many chemotherapy patients need long-term intravenous access C. because chemotherapy patients have frequent blood draws orders D. because many chemotherapeutic drugs are vesicants

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

. because many chemotherapy patients require blood transfusions:

While some chemotherapy patients may require blood transfusions, this is not the primary reason for using intravenous ports, central lines, or peripherally inserted central lines.

B. because many chemotherapy patients need long-term intravenous access:

Long-term intravenous access may be needed for some chemotherapy patients, but the critical consideration is the vesicant nature of many chemotherapy drugs.

C. because chemotherapy patients have frequent blood draws orders:

Frequent blood draws may be necessary for monitoring purposes, but the primary reason for using specialized lines in chemotherapy patients is to administer the drugs safely.

D. because many chemotherapeutic drugs are vesicants:

The primary reason for using intravenous ports, central lines, or peripherally inserted central lines in chemotherapy patients is to administer chemotherapy drugs directly into large veins. Many chemotherapeutic drugs are vesicants, meaning they can cause severe damage to tissues if they leak into the surrounding areas. These specialized lines allow for the safe and controlled administration of chemotherapy drugs, reducing the risk of extravasation (leakage into surrounding tissues).

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A home care nurse is visiting a client with asthma who suddenly experiences an acute asthma attack. Which drug should the nurse prepare to administer?

Nursing Test Bank

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