A male newborn is diagnosed with polycystic kidneys which requires autosomal dominant transmission.One of the parents is believed to have this genetic disease.
The nurse's teaching should be based on the fact that with autosomal dominant inheritance:
50% of the offspring have a chance of developing the disease from the affected parent.
Diseases are transmitted from a carrier mother to her son.
All of the offspring will develop the disease.
50% of the offspring will be carriers of the disease from the affected parent.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
50% of the offspring have a chance of developing the disease from the affected parent. Autosomal dominant inheritance means that a single copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Thus, each child of an affected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition.
Choice B rationale
Diseases transmitted from a carrier mother to her son typically describe X-linked recessive inheritance, not autosomal dominant. In autosomal dominant conditions, both males and females can be affected, and it doesn't depend on the sex of the parent transmitting the gene.
Choice C rationale
All of the offspring will develop the disease is incorrect. In autosomal dominant inheritance, there is a 50% chance of passing the altered gene to the offspring, not 100%.
Choice D rationale
50% of the offspring will be carriers of the disease from the affected parent is incorrect for autosomal dominant inheritance. There are no "carriers" in autosomal dominant diseases; individuals either have the disease or they don't, based on whether they inherit the altered gene.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Administer IV fluids with electrolytes: This is crucial to rehydrate the client and correct electrolyte imbalances caused by excessive vomiting, a common complication of hyperemesis gravidarum.
Choice B rationale: Offer small, frequent meals high in protein: Small, frequent meals can help manage nausea and vomiting by preventing the stomach from becoming empty, while high-protein foods can provide necessary nutrients and energy.
Choice C rationale: Administer antiemetics as prescribed: Antiemetics can help control nausea and vomiting, improving the client's ability to tolerate oral intake and maintain hydration and nutrition.
Choice D rationale: Encourage the client to increase oral fluid intake immediately: While increasing oral fluid intake is beneficial, it may not be immediately feasible due to the severity of nausea and vomiting in hyperemesis gravidarum. Hence, initial IV fluid therapy is prioritized.
Choice E rationale: Perform continuous fetal monitoring: Continuous fetal monitoring is not typically necessary in the early stages of pregnancy, especially at 11 weeks of gestation. The primary focus should be on stabilizing the mother's condition to support overall pregnancy health.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hepatitis B immune globulin at 1 week followed by hepatitis B vaccine monthly for 6 months is incorrect. This schedule delays the immune response and leaves the infant unprotected during the critical early period when the risk of transmission is highest.
Choice B rationale
Hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hr of birth is the correct approach. This combination provides immediate passive immunity through the immune globulin and active immunity through the vaccine, significantly reducing the risk of hepatitis B transmission from mother to child.
Choice C rationale
Hepatitis B vaccine monthly until the newborn tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen is incorrect. Monthly administration alone is insufficient without the initial dose of immune globulin, especially since the infant may remain at risk until the negative test result.
Choice D rationale
Hepatitis B vaccine at 24 hr followed by hepatitis B immune globulin every 12 hr for 3 days is incorrect. The delay in the first vaccine dose reduces its efficacy, and the immune globulin schedule does not align with established guidelines for preventing hepatitis B transmission.
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